HR 5361
George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025
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Bill overview
The George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025 aims to increase accountability for law enforcement misconduct, restrict certain policing practices, and enhance transparency. It proposes reforms such as lowering the criminal intent standard for prosecuting officers, limiting qualified immunity, establishing a national registry of police misconduct, and mandating comprehensive training on racial bias and de-escalation. The bill also seeks to address issues like excessive force, no-knock warrants, and racial profiling, with the goal of fostering trust between law enforcement and the communities they serve.
Key provisions
- Lowers the criminal intent standard for prosecuting law enforcement officers for misconduct.
- Limits qualified immunity as a defense in civil lawsuits against law enforcement officers.
- Establishes a National Police Misconduct Registry to track complaints and records of misconduct.
- Requires law enforcement agencies to complete training on racial profiling, implicit bias, and duty to intervene.
- Restricts the use of certain policing practices, including no-knock warrants, chokeholds, and carotid holds.
- Creates a framework to prevent and remedy racial profiling by law enforcement.
- Mandates data collection and reporting on the use of force, officer misconduct, and routine policing practices.
- Directs the Department of Justice to create uniform accreditation standards for law enforcement agencies.
Who is affected
- Law enforcement officers
- State and local governments
- Federal law enforcement agencies
Sponsors
Official sponsors from legislative records.
Primary sponsor
Cosponsors
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119th CONGRESS — 1st Session
H. R. 5361
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
A BILL
To hold law enforcement accountable for misconduct in court, improve transparency through data collection, and reform police training and policies.
.George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025
The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
In this Act:
The term Byrne grant program means any grant program under subpart 1 of part E of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10151 et seq.), without regard to whether the funds are characterized as being made available under the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Programs, the Local Government Law Enforcement Block Grants Program, the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program, or otherwise.
The term COPS grant program means the grant program authorized under section 1701 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10381).
The term Federal law enforcement agency means any agency of the United States authorized to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of any violation of Federal criminal law.
The term Federal law enforcement officer has the meaning given the term in section 115 of title 18, United States Code.
The term Indian Tribe has the meaning given the term Indian tribe in section 901 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10251).
The term local law enforcement officer means any officer, agent, or employee of a State or unit of local government authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of any violation of criminal law.
The term State has the meaning given the term in section 901 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10251).
The term tribal law enforcement officer means any officer, agent, or employee of an Indian tribe, or the Bureau of Indian Affairs, authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of any violation of criminal law.
the discharge of a firearm;
a maneuver that restricts blood or oxygen flow to the brain, including chokeholds, strangleholds, neck restraints, neckholds, and carotid artery restraints; and
multiple discharges of an electronic control weapon.
The term use of force includes—
the use of a firearm, electronic control weapon, explosive device, chemical agent (such as pepper spray), baton, impact projectile, blunt instrument, hand, fist, foot, canine, or vehicle against an individual;
the use of a weapon, including a personal body weapon, chemical agent, impact weapon, extended range impact weapon, sonic weapon, sensory weapon, conducted energy device, or firearm, against an individual; or
any intentional pointing of a firearm at an individual.
The term less lethal force means any degree of force that is not likely to cause death or serious bodily injury.
Section 242 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
willfullyand inserting
knowingly or recklessly;
by striking , or may be sentenced to death
; and
by adding at the end the following: For purposes of this section, an act shall be considered to have resulted in death if the act was a substantial factor contributing to the death of the person.
.
Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. 1983) is amended by adding at the end the following:
It shall not be a defense or immunity in any action brought under this section against a local law enforcement officer (as such term is defined in section 2 of the
George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025
), or in any action under any source of law against a Federal investigative or law enforcement officer (as such term is defined in section 2680(h) of title 28, United States Code), that—the defendant was acting in good faith, or that the defendant believed, reasonably or otherwise, that his or her conduct was lawful at the time when the conduct was committed; or
the rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws were not clearly established at the time of their deprivation by the defendant, or that at such time, the state of the law was otherwise such that the defendant could not reasonably have been expected to know whether his or her conduct was lawful.
, by prosecutors,after
conduct by law enforcement officers;
in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (1)
and inserting subsection (a)
; and
by adding at the end the following:
In carrying out the authority in subsection (b), the Attorney General may require by subpoena the production of all information, documents, reports, answers, records, accounts, papers, and other data in any medium (including electronically stored information), as well as any tangible thing and documentary evidence, and the attendance and testimony of witnesses necessary in the performance of the Attorney General under subsection (b). Such a subpoena, in the case of contumacy or refusal to obey, shall be enforceable by order of any appropriate district court of the United States.
George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025
, and annually thereafter, the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice shall make publicly available on an internet website a report on, during the previous year—A State seeking a grant under paragraph (1) shall submit an application in such form, at such time, and containing such information as the Attorney General may require.
There are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 to the Attorney General for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2028 to carry out this subsection.
in subsection (a)—
The Attorney Generaland inserting the following:
by adding at the end the following:
by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
would prevent the Attorney General from seeking or enforcing equitable or declaratory relief against a law enforcement agency engaging in a pattern or practice of unconstitutional misconduct; or
conflicts with any terms or conditions contained in a consent decree.
In this subsection:
The term independent investigation means a criminal investigation or prosecution of a law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force, including one or more of the following:
Assigning of the attorney general of the State in which the alleged use of deadly force was committed to conduct the criminal investigation and prosecution.
Having law enforcement agencies agree to and implement memoranda of understanding with other law enforcement agencies under which the other law enforcement agencies—
shall conduct the criminal investigation into the alleged use of deadly force; and
upon conclusion of the criminal investigation, shall file a report with the attorney general of the State containing a determination regarding whether—
the use of deadly force was appropriate; and
any action should be taken by the attorney general of the State.
The term independent investigation of law enforcement statute means a statute requiring an independent investigation in a criminal matter in which—
one or more of the possible defendants is a law enforcement officer;
one or more of the alleged offenses involves the law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force in the course of carrying out that officer’s duty; and
the non-Federal law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force resulted in a death or injury.
does not oversee or regularly rely on the law enforcement agency by which the law enforcement officer under investigation is employed; and
would not be involved in the prosecution in the ordinary course of that prosecutor’s duties.
The Attorney General may award grants to eligible States and Indian Tribes to assist in implementing an independent investigation of law enforcement statute.
To be eligible for a grant under this subsection, a State or Indian Tribe shall have in effect an independent investigation of law enforcement statute.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General $750,000,000 for fiscal years 2026 through 2028 to carry out this subsection.
by redesignating paragraphs (22) and (23) as paragraphs (23) and (24), respectively;
in paragraph (23), as so redesignated, by striking (21)
and inserting (22)
; and
by inserting after paragraph (21) the following:
in section 1709 (34 U.S.C. 10389), by adding at the end the following:
is independent and adequately funded;
has investigatory authority and subpoena power;
has representative community diversity;
has policymaking authority;
provides advocates for civilian complainants;
may conduct hearings; and
conducts statistical studies on prevailing complaint trends.
This subtitle may be cited as the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 2025
.
In this subtitle:
The term law enforcement accreditation organization means a professional law enforcement organization involved in the development of standards of accreditation for law enforcement agencies at the national, State, regional, or Tribal level, such as the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA).
The term law enforcement agency means a State, local, Indian tribal, or campus public agency engaged in the prevention, detection, investigation, prosecution, or adjudication of violations of criminal laws.
The term professional law enforcement association means a law enforcement membership association that works for the needs of Federal, State, local, or Indian tribal law enforcement agencies and with the civilian community on matters of common interest, such as the Hispanic American Police Command Officers Association (HAPCOA), the National Asian Pacific Officers Association (NAPOA), the National Black Police Association (NBPA), the National Latino Peace Officers Association (NLPOA), the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE), Women in Law Enforcement, the Native American Law Enforcement Association (NALEA), the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), the National Sheriffs’ Association (NSA), the Fraternal Order of Police (FOP), or the National Association of School Resource Officers.
The term professional civilian oversight organization means a membership organization formed to address and advance civilian oversight of law enforcement and whose members are from Federal, State, regional, local, or Tribal organizations that review issues or complaints against law enforcement agencies or officers, such as the National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE).
After completion of the initial review and analysis under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall—
recommend, in consultation with law enforcement accreditation organizations and community-based organizations, the adoption of additional standards that will result in greater community accountability of law enforcement agencies and an increased focus on policing with a guardian mentality, including standards relating to—
early warning systems and related intervention programs;
use of force procedures;
civilian review procedures;
traffic and pedestrian stop and search procedures;
data collection and transparency;
administrative due process requirements;
video monitoring technology;
youth justice and school safety; and
recommend additional areas for the development of national standards for the accreditation of law enforcement agencies in consultation with existing law enforcement accreditation organizations, professional law enforcement associations, labor organizations, community-based organizations, and professional civilian oversight organizations.
The Attorney General shall adopt policies and procedures to partner with law enforcement accreditation organizations, professional law enforcement associations, labor organizations, community-based organizations, and professional civilian oversight organizations to—
continue the development of further accreditation standards consistent with paragraph (2); and
encourage the pursuit of accreditation of Federal, State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies by certified law enforcement accreditation organizations.
Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10153(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 5 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to assist law enforcement agencies of the applicant, including campus public safety departments, gain or maintain accreditation from certified law enforcement accreditation organizations in accordance with section 113 of the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 2025.
Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10153(a)), as amended by section 113, is amended by adding at the end the following:
An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 5 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to study and implement effective management, training, recruiting, hiring, and oversight standards and programs to promote effective community and problem-solving strategies for law enforcement agencies in accordance with section 114 of the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 2025.
effective strategies and solutions to public safety, including strategies that do not rely on Federal and local law enforcement agency responses.
Grant amounts described in paragraph (8) of section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10153(a)), as added by subsection (a) of this section, and grant amounts awarded under subsection (b) shall be used to—
study management and operations standards for law enforcement agencies, including standards relating to administrative due process, residency requirements, compensation and benefits, use of force, racial profiling, early warning and intervention systems, youth justice, school safety, civilian review boards or analogous procedures, or research into the effectiveness of existing programs, projects, or other activities designed to address misconduct; and
develop pilot programs and implement effective standards and programs in the areas of training, hiring and recruitment, and oversight that are designed to improve management and address misconduct by law enforcement officers.
A pilot program developed under subsection (c)(2) shall include implementation of the following:
The implementation of policies, practices, and procedures addressing training and instruction to comply with accreditation standards in the areas of—
investigation of officer misconduct and practices and procedures for referring to prosecuting authorities allegations of officer use of excessive force or racial profiling;
disproportionate contact by law enforcement with minority communities;
tactical and defensive strategy;
arrests, searches, and restraint;
professional verbal communications with civilians;
interactions with—
youth;
individuals with disabilities;
individuals with limited English proficiency; and
multicultural communities;
proper traffic, pedestrian, and other enforcement stops; and
community relations and bias awareness.
Policies, procedures, and practices for—
the hiring and recruitment of diverse law enforcement officers who are representative of the communities they serve;
the development of selection, promotion, educational, background, and psychological standards that comport with title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.); and
initiatives to encourage residency in the jurisdiction served by the law enforcement agency and continuing education.
Complaint procedures, including the establishment of civilian review boards or analogous procedures for jurisdictions across a range of sizes and agency configurations, complaint procedures by community-based organizations, early warning systems and related intervention programs, video monitoring technology, data collection and transparency, and administrative due process requirements inherent to complaint procedures for members of the public and law enforcement.
the right to effective and timely notification of a parent or legal guardian of any law enforcement interaction, regardless of the immigration status of the individuals involved; and
the creation of positive school climates by improving school conditions for learning by—
eliminating school-based arrests and referrals to law enforcement;
using school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports.
Counseling services, including psychological counseling, for individuals and communities impacted by law enforcement misconduct.
The Attorney General may provide technical assistance to States and community-based organizations in furtherance of the purposes of this section.
The technical assistance provided by the Attorney General may include the development of models for States and community-based organizations to reduce law enforcement officer misconduct. Any development of such models shall be in consultation with community-based organizations.
The Attorney General may use any component or components of the Department of Justice in carrying out this section.
Each program, project, or activity funded under this section shall contain a monitoring component, which shall be developed pursuant to rules made by the Attorney General.
Each monitoring component required under subparagraph (A) shall include systematic identification and collection of data about activities, accomplishments, and programs throughout the duration of the program, project, or activity and presentation of such data in a usable form.
Selected grant recipients shall be evaluated on the local level or as part of a national evaluation, pursuant to rules made by the Attorney General.
An evaluation conducted under subparagraph (A) may include independent audits of police behavior and other assessments of individual program implementations. For community-based organizations in selected jurisdictions that are able to support outcome evaluations, the effectiveness of funded programs, projects, and activities may be required.
The Attorney General may require a grant recipient to submit biannually to the Attorney General the results of the monitoring and evaluations required under paragraphs (1) and (2) and such other data and information as the Attorney General determines to be necessary.
If the Attorney General determines, as a result of monitoring under subsection (h) or otherwise, that a grant recipient under the Byrne grant program or under subsection (b) is not in substantial compliance with the requirements of this section, the Attorney General may revoke or suspend funding of that grant, in whole or in part.
is independent and adequately funded;
has investigatory authority and subpoena power;
has representative community diversity;
has policymaking authority;
provides advocates for civilian complainants;
may conduct hearings; and
conducts statistical studies on prevailing complaint trends.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 to carry out the grant program authorized under subsection (b).
The Attorney General shall conduct a nationwide study of the prevalence and effect of any law, rule, or procedure that allows a law enforcement officer to delay the response to questions posed by a local internal affairs officer, or review board on the investigative integrity and prosecution of law enforcement misconduct, including pre-interview warnings and termination policies.
The Attorney General shall perform an initial analysis of existing State laws, rules, and procedures to determine whether, at a threshold level, the effect of the type of law, rule, or procedure that raises material investigatory issues that could impair or hinder a prompt and thorough investigation of possible misconduct, including criminal conduct.
After completion of the initial analysis under paragraph (2), and considering material investigatory issues, the Attorney General shall gather additional data nationwide on similar laws, rules, and procedures from a representative and statistically significant sample of jurisdictions, to determine whether such laws, rules, and procedures raise such material investigatory issues.
Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall—
submit to Congress a report containing the results of the initial analysis conducted under subsection (a)(2);
make the report submitted under subparagraph (A) available to the public; and
identify the jurisdictions for which the study described in subsection (a)(3) is to be conducted.
Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report containing the results of the data collected under this section and publish the report in the Federal Register.
There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2026, in addition to any other sums authorized to be appropriated—
There is established within the Department of Justice a task force to be known as the Task Force on Law Enforcement Oversight (hereinafter in this section referred to as the Task Force
).
The Task Force shall be composed of individuals appointed by the Attorney General, who shall appoint not less than 1 individual from each of the following:
The Special Litigation Section of the Civil Rights Division.
The Criminal Section of the Civil Rights Division.
The Federal Coordination and Compliance Section of the Civil Rights Division.
The Employment Litigation Section of the Civil Rights Division.
The Disability Rights Section of the Civil Rights Division.
The Office of Justice Programs.
The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS).
The Corruption/Civil Rights Section of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
The Community Relations Service.
The Office of Tribal Justice.
The unit within the Department of Justice assigned as a liaison for civilian review boards.
The Task Force shall consult with professional law enforcement associations, labor organizations, and community-based organizations to coordinate the process of the detection and referral of complaints regarding incidents of alleged law enforcement misconduct.
There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each fiscal year to carry out this section.
For each practice enumerated in subsection (c), the reporting law enforcement agency shall provide a breakdown of the numbers of incidents of that practice by race, ethnicity, age, and gender of the officers of the agency and of members of the public involved in the practice.
The practices to be reported on are the following:
Traffic violation stops.
Pedestrian stops.
Frisk and body searches.
Instances where law enforcement officers used deadly force, including—
a description of when and where deadly force was used, and whether it resulted in death;
a description of deadly force directed against an officer and whether it resulted in injury or death; and
the law enforcement agency’s justification for use of deadly force, if the agency determines it was justified.
Each law enforcement agency required to report data under this section shall maintain records relating to any matter reported for not less than 4 years after those records are created.
For any fiscal year, a State shall not receive any amount that would otherwise be allocated to that State under section 505(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10156(a)), or any amount from any other law enforcement assistance program of the Department of Justice, unless the State has ensured, to the satisfaction of the Attorney General, that the State and each local law enforcement agency of the State is in substantial compliance with the requirements of this section.
The Attorney General shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall establish a National Police Misconduct Registry to be compiled and maintained by the Department of Justice.
The Registry required to be established under subsection (a) shall contain the following data with respect to all Federal and local law enforcement officers:
Each complaint filed against a law enforcement officer, aggregated by—
complaints that were found to be credible or that resulted in disciplinary action against the law enforcement officer, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling (as such term is defined in section 302);
complaints that are pending review, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling; and
complaints for which the law enforcement officer was exonerated or that were determined to be unfounded or not sustained, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling.
Discipline records, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling.
Termination records, the reason for each termination, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling.
Records of certification in accordance with section 202.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter, the head of each Federal law enforcement agency shall submit to the Attorney General the information described in subsection (b).
Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of enactment of this Act and each fiscal year thereafter in which a State receives funds under the Byrne grant program, the State shall, once every 180 days, submit to the Attorney General the information described in subsection (b) for the State and each local law enforcement agency within the State.
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to supersede the requirements or limitations under section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Privacy Act of 1974
).
submitted to the Attorney General evidence that the State or unit of local government has a certification and decertification program for purposes of employment as a law enforcement officer in that State or unit of local government that is consistent with the rules made under subsection (c); and
submitted to the National Police Misconduct Registry established under section 201 records demonstrating that all law enforcement officers of the State or unit of local government have completed all State certification requirements during the 1-year period preceding the fiscal year.
The Attorney General shall make available to law enforcement agencies all information in the registry under section 201 for purposes of compliance with the certification and decertification programs described in subsection (a)(1) and considering applications for employment.
This subtitle may be cited as the Police Reporting Information, Data, and Evidence Act of 2025 PRIDE Act of 2025
or the
.
In this subtitle:
The term local educational agency has the meaning given the term in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
The term local law enforcement officer has the meaning given the term in section 2, and includes a school resource officer.
The term school means an elementary school or secondary school (as those terms are defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801)).
The term school resource officer means a sworn law enforcement officer who is—
assigned by the employing law enforcement agency to a local educational agency or school;
contracting with a local educational agency or school; or
employed by a local educational agency or school.
Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of enactment of this Act and each fiscal year thereafter in which a State or Indian Tribe receives funds under a Byrne grant program, the State or Indian Tribe shall—
report to the Attorney General, on a quarterly basis and pursuant to guidelines established by the Attorney General, information regarding—
any incident involving the use of deadly force against a civilian by—
a local law enforcement officer who is employed by the State or by a unit of local government in the State; or
a tribal law enforcement officer who is employed by the Indian Tribe;
any incident involving the shooting of a local law enforcement officer or tribal law enforcement officer described in clause (i) by a civilian;
any incident involving the death or arrest of a local law enforcement officer or tribal law enforcement officer;
any incident during which use of force by or against a local law enforcement officer or tribal law enforcement officer described in clause (i) occurs, which is not reported under clause (i), (ii), or (iii);
deaths in custody; and
uses of force in arrests and booking;
establish a system and a set of policies to ensure that all use of force incidents are reported by local law enforcement officers or tribal law enforcement officers; and
submit to the Attorney General a plan for the collection of data required to be reported under this section, including any modifications to a previously submitted data collection plan.
The report required under paragraph (1)(A) shall contain information that includes, at a minimum—
the national origin, sex, race, ethnicity, age, disability, English language proficiency, and housing status of each civilian against whom a local law enforcement officer or tribal law enforcement officer used force;
the date, time, and location, including whether it was on school grounds, and the zip code, of the incident and whether the jurisdiction in which the incident occurred allows for the open-carry or concealed-carry of a firearm;
whether the civilian was armed, and, if so, the type of weapon the civilian had;
the type of force used against the officer, the civilian, or both, including the types of weapons used;
the reason force was used;
a description of any injuries sustained as a result of the incident;
the number of officers involved in the incident;
the number of civilians involved in the incident; and
a brief description regarding the circumstances surrounding the incident, which shall include information on—
the type of force used by all involved persons;
the legitimate police objective necessitating the use of force;
the resistance encountered by each local law enforcement officer or tribal law enforcement officer involved in the incident;
the efforts by local law enforcement officers or tribal law enforcement officers to—
de-escalate the situation in order to avoid the use of force; or
minimize the level of force used; and
if applicable, the reason why efforts described in subclause (IV) were not attempted.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, each State or Indian Tribe described in paragraph (1) shall—
conduct an audit of the use-of-force incident reporting system required to be established under paragraph (1)(B); and
submit a report to the Attorney General on the audit conducted under subparagraph (A).
For any fiscal year in which a State or Indian Tribe fails to comply with this section, the State or Indian Tribe, at the discretion of the Attorney General, shall be subject to not more than a 10-percent reduction of the funds that would otherwise be allocated for that fiscal year to the State or Indian Tribe under a Byrne grant program.
Amounts not allocated under a Byrne grant program in accordance with paragraph (1) to a State for failure to comply with this section shall be reallocated under the Byrne grant program to States that have not failed to comply with this section.
The State or Indian Tribe shall ensure that all schools and local educational agencies within the jurisdiction of the State or Indian Tribe provide the State or Indian Tribe with the information needed regarding school resource officers to comply with this section.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Attorney General shall publish, and make available to the public, a report containing the data reported to the Attorney General under this section.
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to supersede the requirements or limitations under section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Privacy Act of 1974
).
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in coordination with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall issue guidance on best practices relating to establishing standard data collection systems that capture the information required to be reported under subsection (a)(2), which shall include standard and consistent definitions for terms.
The Attorney General may make grants to eligible law enforcement agencies to be used for the activities described in subsection (c).
In order to be eligible to receive a grant under this section a law enforcement agency shall—
employ not more that 100 local or tribal law enforcement officers;
demonstrate that the use of force policy for local law enforcement officers or tribal law enforcement officers employed by the law enforcement agency is publicly available; and
establish and maintain a complaint system that—
may be used by members of the public to report incidents of use of force to the law enforcement agency;
makes all information collected publicly searchable and available; and
provides information on the status of an investigation related to a use of force complaint.
A grant made under this section may be used by a law enforcement agency for—
the cost of assisting the State or Indian Tribe in which the law enforcement agency is located in complying with the reporting requirements described in section 223;
the cost of establishing necessary systems required to investigate and report incidents as required under subsection (b)(4);
public awareness campaigns designed to gain information from the public on use of force by or against local and tribal law enforcement officers, including shootings, which may include tip lines, hotlines, and public service announcements; and
Any data reported under this subtitle shall be collected and reported—
in a manner consistent with existing programs of the Department of Justice that collect data on local law enforcement officer encounters with civilians; and
in a manner consistent with civil rights laws for distribution of information to the public.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall—
issue guidelines on the reporting requirement under section 223; and
seek public comment before finalizing the guidelines required under subparagraph (A).
The head of each Federal law enforcement agency shall submit to the Attorney General, on a quarterly basis and pursuant to guidelines established by the Attorney General, the information required to be reported by a State or Indian Tribe under section 223.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General such sums as are necessary to carry out this subtitle.
This subtitle may be cited as the End Racial and Religious Profiling Act of 2025 ERRPA
or
.
In this subtitle:
The term covered program means any program or activity funded in whole or in part with funds made available under—
The term governmental body means any department, agency, special purpose district, or other instrumentality of Federal, State, local, or Indian Tribal government.
The term hit rate means the percentage of stops and searches in which a law enforcement agent finds drugs, a gun, or something else that leads to an arrest. The hit rate is calculated by dividing the total number of searches by the number of searches that yield contraband. The hit rate is complementary to the rate of false stops.
The term law enforcement agency means any Federal, State, or local public agency engaged in the prevention, detection, or investigation of violations of criminal, immigration, or customs laws.
The term law enforcement agent means any Federal, State, or local official responsible for enforcing criminal, immigration, or customs laws, including police officers and other agents of a law enforcement agency.
The term racial profiling means the practice of a law enforcement agent or agency relying, to any degree, on actual or perceived race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, gender, gender identity, or sexual orientation in selecting which individual to subject to routine or spontaneous investigatory activities or in deciding upon the scope and substance of law enforcement activity following the initial investigatory procedure, except when there is trustworthy information, relevant to the locality and timeframe, that links a person with a particular characteristic described in this paragraph to an identified criminal incident or scheme.
For purposes of subparagraph (A), a tribal law enforcement officer exercising law enforcement authority within Indian country, as that term is defined in section 1151 of title 18, United States Code, is not considered to be racial profiling with respect to making key jurisdictional determinations that are necessarily tied to reliance on actual or perceived race, ethnicity, or tribal affiliation.
The term routine or spontaneous investigatory activities means the following activities by a law enforcement agent:
Interviews.
Traffic stops.
Pedestrian stops.
Frisks and other types of body searches.
Consensual or nonconsensual searches of the persons, property, or possessions (including vehicles) of individuals using any form of public or private transportation, including motorists and pedestrians.
Data collection and analysis, assessments, and predicated investigations.
Inspections and interviews of entrants into the United States that are more extensive than those customarily carried out.
Immigration-related workplace investigations.
Such other types of law enforcement encounters compiled for or by the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics.
The term reasonable request means all requests for information, except for those that—
are immaterial to the investigation;
would result in the unnecessary disclosure of personal information; or
would place a severe burden on the resources of the law enforcement agency given its size.
No law enforcement agent or law enforcement agency shall engage in racial profiling.
The United States, or an individual injured by racial profiling, may enforce this part in a civil action for declaratory or injunctive relief, filed either in a State court of general jurisdiction or in a district court of the United States.
In any action brought under this part, relief may be obtained against—
any governmental body that employed any law enforcement agent who engaged in racial profiling;
any agent of such body who engaged in racial profiling; and
any person with supervisory authority over such agent.
Proof that the routine or spontaneous investigatory activities of law enforcement agents in a jurisdiction have had a disparate impact on individuals with a particular characteristic described in section 302(6) shall constitute prima facie evidence of a violation of this part.
Federal law enforcement agencies shall—
maintain adequate policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling; and
cease existing practices that permit racial profiling.
The policies and procedures described in subsection (a)(1) shall include—
a prohibition on racial profiling;
training on racial profiling issues as part of Federal law enforcement training;
the collection of data in accordance with the regulations issued by the Attorney General under section 341;
procedures for receiving, investigating, and responding meaningfully to complaints alleging racial profiling by law enforcement agents; and
any other policies and procedures the Attorney General determines to be necessary to eliminate racial profiling by Federal law enforcement agencies.
An application by a State or a unit of local government for funding under a covered program shall include a certification that such State, unit of local government, and any law enforcement agency to which it will distribute funds—
maintains adequate policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling; and
has eliminated any existing practices that permit or encourage racial profiling.
The policies and procedures described in subsection (a)(1) shall include—
a prohibition on racial profiling;
training on racial profiling issues as part of law enforcement training;
the collection of data in accordance with the regulations issued by the Attorney General under section 341; and
participation in an administrative complaint procedure or independent audit program that meets the requirements of section 332.
This section shall take effect 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act.
The regulations issued under paragraph (1) shall contain guidelines that ensure the fairness, effectiveness, and independence of the administrative complaint procedures and independent auditor programs.
If the Attorney General determines that the recipient of a grant from any covered program is not in compliance with the requirements of section 331 or the regulations issued under subsection (a), the Attorney General shall withhold, in whole or in part (at the discretion of the Attorney General), funds for one or more grants to the recipient under the covered program, until the recipient establishes compliance.
The Attorney General shall provide not more than 5 grants or contracts under this section.
Grants or contracts under this section shall be awarded to law enforcement agencies that serve communities where there is a significant concentration of racial or ethnic minorities and that are not already collecting data voluntarily.
Activities carried out with a grant under this section shall include—
developing a data collection tool and reporting the compiled data to the Attorney General; and
training of law enforcement personnel on data collection, particularly for data collection on hit rates for stops and searches.
Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall enter into a contract with an institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) to analyze the data collected by each of the grantees funded under this section.
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out activities under this section—
$5,000,000, over a 2-year period, to carry out the demonstration program under subsection (a); and
$500,000 to carry out the evaluation under subsection (c).
Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10153(a)), as amended by sections 113 and 114, is amended by adding at the end the following:
An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 10 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to develop and implement best practice devices and systems to eliminate racial profiling in accordance with section 334 of the
End Racial and Religious Profiling Act of 2025
.Grant amounts described in paragraph (9) of section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10153(a)), as added by subsection (a) of this section, shall be for programs that include the following:
The development and implementation of training to prevent racial profiling and to encourage more respectful interaction with the public.
The acquisition and use of technology to facilitate the accurate collection and analysis of data.
The development and acquisition of feedback systems and technologies that identify law enforcement agents or units of agents engaged in, or at risk of engaging in, racial profiling or other misconduct.
The establishment and maintenance of an administrative complaint procedure or independent auditor program.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General such sums as are necessary to carry out this part.
Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with stakeholders, including Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies and community, professional, research, and civil rights organizations, shall issue regulations for the collection and compilation of data under sections 321 and 331.
The regulations issued under subsection (a) shall—
provide for the collection of data on all routine and spontaneous investigatory activities;
provide that the data collected shall—
be disaggregated by race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, disability, and religion;
include the date, time, and location of such investigatory activities;
include detail sufficient to permit an analysis of whether a law enforcement agency is engaging in racial profiling; and
not include personally identifiable information;
provide that a standardized form shall be made available to law enforcement agencies for the submission of collected data to the Department of Justice;
provide that law enforcement agencies shall compile data on the standardized form made available under paragraph (3), and submit the form to the Civil Rights Division and the Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics;
provide that law enforcement agencies shall maintain all data collected under this subtitle for not less than 4 years;
include guidelines for setting comparative benchmarks, consistent with best practices, against which collected data shall be measured;
provide that the Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics shall—
analyze the data for any statistically significant disparities, including—
disparities in the percentage of drivers or pedestrians stopped relative to the proportion of the population passing through the neighborhood;
disparities in the hit rate; and
disparities in the frequency of searches performed on racial or ethnic minority drivers and the frequency of searches performed on nonminority drivers; and
not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter—
prepare a report regarding the findings of the analysis conducted under subparagraph (A);
provide such report to Congress; and
make such report available to the public, including on a website of the Department of Justice, and in accordance with accessibility standards under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.); and
protect the privacy of individuals whose data is collected by—
limiting the use of the data collected under this subtitle to the purposes set forth in this subtitle;
except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, limiting access to the data collected under this subtitle to those Federal, State, or local employees or agents who require such access in order to fulfill the purposes for the data set forth in this subtitle;
requiring contractors or other nongovernmental agents who are permitted access to the data collected under this subtitle to sign use agreements incorporating the use and disclosure restrictions set forth in subparagraph (A); and
requiring the maintenance of adequate security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the data collected under this subtitle.
The Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice shall provide to Congress and make available to the public, together with each annual report described in section 341, the data collected pursuant to this subtitle, excluding any personally identifiable information described in section 343.
The name or identifying information of a law enforcement agent, complainant, or any other individual involved in any activity for which data is collected and compiled under this subtitle shall not be—
released to the public;
disclosed to any person, except for—
such disclosures as are necessary to comply with this subtitle;
disclosures of information regarding a particular person to that person; or
disclosures pursuant to litigation; or
subject to disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Freedom of Information Act), except for disclosures of information regarding a particular person to that person.
In addition to the regulations required under sections 333 and 341, the Attorney General shall issue such other regulations as the Attorney General determines are necessary to implement this subtitle.
Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on racial profiling by law enforcement agencies.
Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—
a summary of data collected under sections 321(b)(3) and 331(b)(3) and from any other reliable source of information regarding racial profiling in the United States;
a discussion of the findings in the most recent report prepared by the Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics under section 341(b)(7);
the status of the adoption and implementation of policies and procedures by Federal law enforcement agencies under section 321 and by the State and local law enforcement agencies under sections 331 and 332; and
a description of any other policies and procedures that the Attorney General believes would facilitate the elimination of racial profiling.
The Attorney General shall establish—
a training program for law enforcement officers to cover racial profiling, implicit bias, and procedural justice; and
a clear duty for Federal law enforcement officers to intervene in cases where another law enforcement officer is using excessive force against a civilian, and establish a training program that covers the duty to intervene.
The head of each Federal law enforcement agency shall require each Federal law enforcement officer employed by the agency to complete the training programs established under subsection (a).
Section 509 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 879) is amended by adding at the end the following: A search warrant authorized under this section shall require that a law enforcement officer execute the search warrant only after providing notice of his or her authority and purpose.
.
Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government may not receive funds under the COPS grant program for a fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not have in effect a law that prohibits the issuance of a no-knock warrant in a drug case.
In this section, the term no-knock warrant means a warrant that allows a law enforcement officer to enter a property without requiring the law enforcement officer to announce the presence of the law enforcement officer or the intention of the law enforcement officer to enter the property.
This subsection may be cited as the Eric Garner Excessive Use of Force Prevention Act
.
Section 242 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 101, is amended by adding at the end the following: For the purposes of this section, the application of any pressure to the throat or windpipe, use of maneuvers that restrict blood or oxygen flow to the brain, or carotid artery restraints which prevent or hinder breathing or reduce intake of air is a punishment, pain, or penalty.
.
or thePolice Exercising Absolute Care With Everyone Act of 2025
PEACE Act of 2025.
In this subsection:
The term necessary means that another reasonable Federal law enforcement officer would objectively conclude, under the totality of the circumstances, that there was no reasonable alternative to the use of force.
The term reasonable alternatives means tactics and methods used by a Federal law enforcement officer to effectuate an arrest that do not unreasonably increase the risk posed to the law enforcement officer or another person, including verbal communication, distance, warnings, deescalation tactics and techniques, tactical repositioning, and other tactics and techniques intended to stabilize the situation and reduce the immediacy of the risk so that more time, options, and resources can be called upon to resolve the situation without the use of force.
With respect to the use of deadly force, the term reasonable alternatives includes the use of less lethal force.
The term totality of the circumstances means all credible facts known to the Federal law enforcement officer leading up to and at the time of the use of force, including the actions of the person against whom the Federal law enforcement officer uses such force and the actions of the Federal law enforcement officer.
the form of deadly force used is necessary, as a last resort, to prevent imminent and serious bodily injury or death to the officer or another person;
the use of the form of deadly force creates no substantial risk of injury to a third person; and
reasonable alternatives to the use of the form of deadly force have been exhausted.
When feasible, prior to using force against a person, a Federal law enforcement officer shall identify himself or herself as a Federal law enforcement officer, and issue a verbal warning to the person that the Federal law enforcement officer seeks to apprehend, which shall—
include a request that the person surrender to the law enforcement officer; and
notify the person that the law enforcement officer will use force against the person if the person resists arrest or flees.
pregnant individuals;
children and youth under 21 years of age;
elderly persons;
persons with mental, behavioral, or physical disabilities or impairments;
persons experiencing perceptual or cognitive impairments due to use of alcohol, narcotics, hallucinogens, or other drugs;
persons suffering from a serious medical condition; and
persons with limited English proficiency.
The Attorney General shall provide training to Federal law enforcement officers on interacting people described in subclauses (I) through (VII) of paragraph (5)(B)(ii).
Chapter 51 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
It is not a defense to an offense under section 1111 or 1112 that the use of less lethal force or deadly force by a Federal law enforcement officer was justified if—
George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025
; orthat officer’s gross negligence, leading up to and at the time of the use of force, contributed to the necessity of the use of such force.
In this section—
George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025
; andthe term Federal law enforcement officer has the meaning given such term in section 115.
The table of sections for chapter 51 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1122 the following:
A State or unit of local government, other than an Indian Tribe, may not receive funds that the State or unit of local government would otherwise receive under a Byrne grant program for a fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not have in effect a law that is consistent with subsection (b) of this section and section 1123 of title 18, United States Code, as determined by the Attorney General.
If funds described in paragraph (1) are withheld from a State or unit of local government pursuant to paragraph (1) for 1 or more fiscal years, and the State or unit of local government enacts or puts in place a law described in paragraph (1), and demonstrates substantial efforts to enforce such law, subject to subparagraph (B), the State or unit of local government shall be eligible, in the fiscal year after the fiscal year during which the State or unit of local government demonstrates such substantial efforts, to receive the total amount that the State or unit of local government would have received during each fiscal year for which funds were withheld.
A State or unit of local government may not receive funds under subparagraph (A) in an amount that is more than the amount withheld from the State or unit of local government during the 5-fiscal-year period before the fiscal year during which funds are received under subparagraph (A).
This subsection shall apply to the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and each fiscal year thereafter.
New and used material, including mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles and weapons determined by the Department of Defense to be military grade
are transferred to Federal, Tribal, State, and local law enforcement agencies through the program.
As a result local law enforcement agencies, including police and sheriff’s departments, are acquiring this material for use in their normal operations.
In May 2012, the Defense Logistics Agency instituted a moratorium on weapons transfers through the program after reports of missing equipment and inappropriate weapons transfers.
Though the moratorium was widely publicized, it was lifted in October 2013 without adequate safeguards.
In July 2017, the Government Accountability Office reported that the program’s internal controls were inadequate to prevent fraudulent applicants’ access to the program.
On August, 28, 2017, President Donald Trump rescinded Executive Order 13688 despite a July 2017 Government Accountability Office report finding deficiencies with the administration of the 1033 program.
As a result, Federal, State, and local law enforcement departments across the country are eligible again to acquire free military-grade
weapons and equipment that could be used inappropriately during policing efforts in which people and taxpayers could be harmed.
controlledand
uncontrolledequipment.
Controlled equipmentincludes weapons, explosives such as flash-bang grenades, mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles, long-range acoustic devices, aircraft capable of being modified to carry armament that are combat-coded, and silencers, among other military grade items.
in subsection (a)—
in paragraph (1)(A), by striking counterdrug, counterterrorism, disaster-related emergency preparedness, and border security activities
and inserting counterterrorism and disaster-related emergency preparedness
; and
in paragraph (2), by striking , the Director of National Drug Control Policy,
;
in subsection (b)—
in paragraph (5), by striking and
at the end;
in paragraph (6), by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and
by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
the recipient submits to the Department of Defense a description of how the recipient expects to use the property;
the recipient certifies to the Department of Defense that if the recipient determines that the property is surplus to the needs of the recipient, the recipient will return the property to the Department of Defense;
with respect to a recipient that is not a Federal agency, the recipient certifies to the Department of Defense that the recipient notified the local community of the request for personal property under this section by—
publishing a notice of such request on a publicly accessible internet website;
posting such notice at several prominent locations in the jurisdiction of the recipient; and
ensuring that such notices were available to the local community for a period of not less than 30 days; and
by striking subsection (d);
by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections (o) and (p), respectively; and
by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsections:
For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress certification in writing that each Federal or State agency to which the Secretary has transferred property under this section—
George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025
; andwith respect to a non-Federal agency, carried out each of paragraphs (5) through (8) of subsection (b).
If the Secretary does not provide a certification under paragraph (1) for a Federal or State agency, the Secretary may not transfer additional property to that agency under this section.
Before making any property available for transfer under this section, the Secretary shall annually submit to Congress a description of the property to be transferred together with a certification that the transfer of the property would not violate this section or any other provision of law.
Drones.
Controlled aircraft that—
are combat-configured or combat-coded; or
have no established commercial flight application.
Silencers.
Long-range acoustic devices.
Items in the Federal Supply Class of banned items.
The Secretary may not require, as a condition of a transfer under this section, that a Federal or State agency demonstrate the use of any small arms or ammunition.
The limitations under this subsection shall also apply with respect to the transfer of previously transferred property of the Department of Defense from one Federal or State agency to another such agency.
The Secretary may waive the applicability of paragraph (1) to a vehicle described in subparagraph (B) of such paragraph (other than a mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicle), if the Secretary determines that such a waiver is necessary for disaster or rescue purposes or for another purpose where life and public safety are at risk, as demonstrated by the proposed recipient of the vehicle.
If the Secretary issues a waiver under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—
submit to Congress notice of the waiver, and post such notice on a public internet website of the Department, by not later than 30 days after the date on which the waiver is issued; and
require, as a condition of the waiver, that the recipient of the vehicle for which the waiver is issued provides public notice of the waiver and the transfer, including the type of vehicle and the purpose for which it is transferred, in the jurisdiction where the recipient is located by not later than 30 days after the date on which the waiver is issued.
The Secretary may provide for an exemption to the limitation under subparagraph (D) of paragraph (1) in the case of parts for aircraft described in such subparagraph that are transferred as part of regular maintenance of aircraft in an existing fleet.
The Secretary shall require, as a condition of any transfer of property under this section, that the Federal or State agency that receives the property shall return the property to the Secretary if the agency—
is investigated by the Department of Justice for any violation of civil liberties; or
is otherwise found to have engaged in widespread abuses of civil liberties.
demonstrated 100 percent accountability for all such property, in accordance with paragraph (2) or (3), as applicable; or
been suspended from the program pursuant to paragraph (4);
the eligibility of any agency that has received controlled property under this section for which 100 percent of the property was not accounted for during an inventory described in paragraph (1) or (2), as applicable, to receive any property transferred under this section has been suspended; and
each State coordinator has certified, for each non-Federal agency located in the State for which the State coordinator is responsible that—
the agency has complied with all requirements under this section; or
the eligibility of the agency to receive property transferred under this section has been suspended; and
the Secretary of Defense has certified, for each Federal agency that has received property under this section that—
the agency has complied with all requirements under this section; or
A Federal or State agency that receives controlled property under this section may not take ownership of the property.
Not later than 30 days before downgrading the classification of any item of personal property from controlled or Federal Supply Class, the Secretary shall submit to Congress notice of the proposed downgrade.
Before the Defense Logistics Agency authorizes the recipient of property transferred under this section to cannibalize the property, the Secretary shall submit to Congress notice of such authorization, including the name of the recipient requesting the authorization, the purpose of the proposed cannibalization, and the type of property proposed to be cannibalized.
Not later than 30 days after the last day of a fiscal quarter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on any uses of controlled property transferred under this section during that fiscal quarter.
Not later than 30 days after the last day of a fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the following for the preceding fiscal year:
The percentage of equipment lost by recipients of property transferred under this section, including specific information about the type of property lost, the monetary value of such property, and the recipient that lost the property.
The transfer of any new (condition code A) property transferred under this section, including specific information about the type of property, the recipient of the property, the monetary value of each item of the property, and the total monetary value of all such property transferred during the fiscal year.
The amendments made by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any transfer of property made after the date of the enactment of this Act.
A law enforcement program under paragraph (1)(A) may include the development of best practices for and the creation of local task forces on public safety innovation, charged with exploring and developing new strategies for public safety, including non-law enforcement strategies.
by redesignating paragraphs (23) and (24) as paragraphs (26) and (27), respectively;
in paragraph (26), as so redesignated, by striking (22)
and inserting (25)
; and
by inserting after paragraph (22) the following:
to recruit, hire, incentivize, retain, develop, and train new, additional career law enforcement officers or current law enforcement officers who are willing to relocate to communities—
where there are poor or fragmented relationships between police and residents of the community, or where there are high incidents of crime; and
that are the communities that the law enforcement officers serve, or that are in close proximity to the communities that the law enforcement officers serve;
to collect data on the number of law enforcement officers who are willing to relocate to the communities where they serve, and whether such law enforcement officer relocations have impacted crime in such communities;
to develop and publicly report strategies and timelines to recruit, hire, promote, retain, develop, and train a diverse and inclusive law enforcement workforce, consistent with merit system principles and applicable law;
This part may be cited as the Federal Police Camera and Accountability Act
.
In this section:
The term minor means any individual under 18 years of age.
The term subject of the video footage—
means any identifiable Federal law enforcement officer or any identifiable suspect, victim, detainee, conversant, injured party, or other similarly situated person who appears on the body camera recording; and
does not include people who only incidentally appear on the recording.
The term video footage means any images or audio recorded by a body camera.
Federal law enforcement officers shall wear a body camera.
A body camera required under paragraph (1) shall—
have a field of view at least as broad as the officer's vision; and
be worn in a manner that maximizes the camera's ability to capture video footage of the officer's activities.
Both the video and audio recording functions of the body camera shall be activated whenever a Federal law enforcement officer is responding to a call for service or at the initiation of any other law enforcement or investigative stop (as such term is defined in section 373) between a Federal law enforcement officer and a member of the public, except that when an immediate threat to the officer's life or safety makes activating the camera impossible or dangerous, the officer shall activate the camera at the first reasonable opportunity to do so.
The body camera shall not be deactivated until the stop has fully concluded and the Federal law enforcement officer leaves the scene.
A Federal law enforcement officer who is wearing a body camera shall notify any subject of the recording that he or she is being recorded by a body camera as close to the inception of the stop as is reasonably possible.
Notwithstanding subsection (c), the following shall apply to the use of a body camera:
Prior to entering a private residence without a warrant or in nonexigent circumstances, a Federal law enforcement officer shall ask the occupant if the occupant wants the officer to discontinue use of the officer's body camera. If the occupant responds affirmatively, the Federal law enforcement officer shall immediately discontinue use of the body camera.
When interacting with an apparent crime victim, a Federal law enforcement officer shall, as soon as practicable, ask the apparent crime victim if the apparent crime victim wants the officer to discontinue use of the officer's body camera. If the apparent crime victim responds affirmatively, the Federal law enforcement officer shall immediately discontinue use of the body camera.
When interacting with a person seeking to anonymously report a crime or assist in an ongoing law enforcement investigation, a Federal law enforcement officer shall, as soon as practicable, ask the person seeking to remain anonymous, if the person seeking to remain anonymous wants the officer to discontinue use of the officer's body camera. If the person seeking to remain anonymous responds affirmatively, the Federal law enforcement officer shall immediately discontinue use of the body camera.
Each offer of a Federal law enforcement officer to discontinue the use of a body camera made pursuant to subsection (e), and the responses thereto, shall be recorded by the body camera prior to discontinuing use of the body camera.
Federal law enforcement officers—
shall not be required to use body cameras during investigative or enforcement stops with the public in the case that—
recording would risk the safety of a confidential informant, citizen informant, or undercover officer;
recording would pose a serious risk to national security; or
the officer is a military police officer, a member of the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command, or a protective detail assigned to a Federal or foreign official while performing his or her duties; and
shall not activate a body camera while on the grounds of any public, private or parochial elementary or secondary school, except when responding to an imminent threat to life or health.
Body camera video footage shall be retained by the law enforcement agency that employs the officer whose camera captured the footage, or an authorized agent thereof, for 6 months after the date it was recorded, after which time such footage shall be permanently deleted.
During the 6-month retention period described in paragraph (1), the following persons shall have the right to inspect the body camera footage:
Any person who is a subject of body camera video footage, and their designated legal counsel.
A parent or legal guardian of a minor subject of body camera video footage, and their designated legal counsel.
The spouse, next of kin, or legally authorized designee of a deceased subject of body camera video footage, and their designated legal counsel.
A Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the video footage, and their designated legal counsel, subject to the limitations and restrictions in this part.
The superior officer of a Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the video footage, subject to the limitations and restrictions in this part.
Any defense counsel who claims, pursuant to a written affidavit, to have a reasonable basis for believing a video may contain evidence that exculpates a client.
The right to inspect subject to subsection (j)(1) shall not include the right to possess a copy of the body camera video footage, unless the release of the body camera footage is otherwise authorized by this part or by another applicable law. When a body camera fails to capture some or all of the audio or video of an incident due to malfunction, displacement of camera, or any other cause, any audio or video footage that is captured shall be treated the same as any other body camera audio or video footage under this part.
Body camera video footage shall be automatically retained for not less than 3 years if the video footage captures an interaction or event involving—
any use of force; or
any stop about which a complaint has been registered by a subject of the video footage.
Body camera video footage shall be retained for not less than 3 years if a longer retention period is voluntarily requested by—
the Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the video footage, if that officer reasonably asserts the video footage has evidentiary or exculpatory value in an ongoing investigation;
any Federal law enforcement officer who is a subject of the video footage, if that officer reasonably asserts the video footage has evidentiary or exculpatory value;
any superior officer of a Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the video footage or who is a subject of the video footage, if that superior officer reasonably asserts the video footage has evidentiary or exculpatory value;
any Federal law enforcement officer, if the video footage is being retained solely and exclusively for police training purposes;
any member of the public who is a subject of the video footage;
any parent or legal guardian of a minor who is a subject of the video footage; or
a deceased subject's spouse, next of kin, or legally authorized designee.
For purposes of subparagraphs (E), (F), and (G) of subsection (j)(2), any member of the public who is a subject of video footage, the parent or legal guardian of a minor who is a subject of the video footage, or a deceased subject's next of kin or legally authorized designee, shall be permitted to review the specific video footage in question in order to make a determination as to whether they will voluntarily request it be subjected to a minimum 3-year retention period.
Except as provided in paragraph (2), all video footage of an interaction or event captured by a body camera, if that interaction or event is identified with reasonable specificity and requested by a member of the public, shall be provided to the person or entity making the request in accordance with the procedures for requesting and providing government records set forth in the section 552a of title 5, United States Code.
The following categories of video footage shall not be released to the public in the absence of express written permission from the non-law enforcement subjects of the video footage:
Video footage not subject to a minimum 3-year retention period pursuant to subsection (j).
Video footage that is subject to a minimum 3-year retention period solely and exclusively pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) or (2) of subsection (j).
Notwithstanding any time periods established for acknowledging and responding to records requests in section 552a of title 5, United States Code, responses to requests for video footage that is subject to a minimum 3-year retention period pursuant to subsection (j)(1)(A), where a subject of the video footage is recorded being killed, shot by a firearm, or grievously injured, shall be prioritized and, if approved, the requested video footage shall be provided as expeditiously as possible, but in no circumstances later than 5 days following receipt of the request.
Whenever doing so is necessary to protect personal privacy, the right to a fair trial, the identity of a confidential source or crime victim, or the life or physical safety of any person appearing in video footage, redaction technology may be used to obscure the face and other personally identifying characteristics of that person, including the tone of the person's voice, provided the redaction does not interfere with a viewer's ability to fully, completely, and accurately comprehend the events captured on the video footage.
The following requirements shall apply to redactions under subparagraph (A):
When redaction is performed on video footage pursuant to this paragraph, an unedited, original version of the video footage shall be retained pursuant to the requirements of subsections (i) and (j).
Except pursuant to the rules for the redaction of video footage set forth in this subsection or where it is otherwise expressly authorized by this Act, no other editing or alteration of video footage, including a reduction of the video footage's resolution, shall be permitted.
Body camera video footage may not be withheld from the public on the basis that it is an investigatory record or was compiled for law enforcement purposes where any person under investigation or whose conduct is under review is a police officer or other law enforcement employee and the video footage relates to that person's conduct in their official capacity.
Any video footage retained beyond 6 months solely and exclusively pursuant to subsection (j)(2)(D) shall not be admissible as evidence in any criminal or civil legal or administrative proceeding.
No government agency or official, or law enforcement agency, officer, or official may publicly disclose, release, or share body camera video footage unless—
doing so is expressly authorized pursuant to this part or another applicable law; or
the video footage is subject to public release pursuant to subsection (l), and not exempted from public release pursuant to subsection (l)(1).
No Federal law enforcement officer shall review or receive an accounting of any body camera video footage that is subject to a minimum 3-year retention period pursuant to subsection (j)(1) prior to completing any required initial reports, statements, and interviews regarding the recorded event, unless doing so is necessary, while in the field, to address an immediate threat to life or safety.
Video footage may not be—
in the case of footage that is not subject to a minimum 3-year retention period, viewed by any superior officer of a Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the footage absent a specific allegation of misconduct; or
divulged or used by any law enforcement agency for any commercial or other non-law enforcement purpose.
Where a law enforcement agency authorizes a third party to act as its agent in maintaining body camera footage, the agent shall not be permitted to independently access, view, or alter any video footage, except to delete videos as required by law or agency retention policies.
If any Federal law enforcement officer, or any employee or agent of a Federal law enforcement agency fails to adhere to the recording or retention requirements contained in this part, intentionally interferes with a body camera’s ability to accurately capture video footage, or otherwise manipulates the video footage captured by a body camera during or after its operation—
appropriate disciplinary action shall be taken against the individual officer, employee, or agent;
a rebuttable evidentiary presumption shall be adopted in favor of a criminal defendant who reasonably asserts that exculpatory evidence was destroyed or not captured; and
a rebuttable evidentiary presumption shall be adopted on behalf of a civil plaintiff suing the Government, a Federal law enforcement agency, or a Federal law enforcement officer for damages based on misconduct who reasonably asserts that evidence supporting their claim was destroyed or not captured.
The disciplinary action requirement and rebuttable presumptions described in paragraph (1) may be overcome by contrary evidence or proof of exigent circumstances that made compliance impossible.
In the case that a Federal law enforcement officer equipped with a body camera is involved in, a witness to, or within viewable sight range of either the use of force by another law enforcement officer that results in a death, the use of force by another law enforcement officer, during which the discharge of a firearm results in an injury, or the conduct of another law enforcement officer that becomes the subject of a criminal investigation—
the law enforcement agency that employs the law enforcement officer, or the agency or department conducting the related criminal investigation, as appropriate, shall promptly take possession of the body camera, and shall maintain such camera, and any data on such camera, in accordance with the applicable rules governing the preservation of evidence;
a copy of the data on such body camera shall be made in accordance with prevailing forensic standards for data collection and reproduction; and
such copied data shall be made available to the public in accordance with subsection (l).
Any body camera video footage recorded by a Federal law enforcement officer that violates this part or any other applicable law may not be offered as evidence by any government entity, agency, department, prosecutorial office, or any other subdivision thereof in any criminal or civil action or proceeding against any member of the public.
Any Federal law enforcement agency policy or other guidance regarding body cameras, their use, or the video footage therefrom that is adopted by a Federal agency or department, shall be made publicly available on that agency’s website.
Nothing in this part shall be construed to preempt any laws governing the maintenance, production, and destruction of evidence in criminal investigations and prosecutions.
In this section:
The term audio recording means the recorded conversation between a Federal law enforcement officer and a second party.
The term emergency lights means oscillating, rotating, or flashing lights on patrol vehicles.
The term enforcement or investigative stop means an action by a Federal law enforcement officer in relation to enforcement and investigation duties, including traffic stops, pedestrian stops, abandoned vehicle contacts, motorist assists, commercial motor vehicle stops, roadside safety checks, requests for identification, or responses to requests for emergency assistance.
The term in-car video camera means a video camera located in a patrol vehicle.
The term in-car video camera recording equipment means a video camera recording system located in a patrol vehicle consisting of a camera assembly, recording mechanism, and an in-car video recording medium.
The term recording means the process of capturing data or information stored on a recording medium as required under this section.
The term recording medium means any recording medium for the retention and playback of recorded audio and video including VHS, DVD, hard drive, solid state, digital, or flash memory technology.
The term wireless microphone means a device worn by a Federal law enforcement officer or any other equipment used to record conversations between the officer and a second party and transmitted to the recording equipment.
Each Federal law enforcement agency shall install in-car video camera recording equipment in all patrol vehicles with a recording medium capable of recording for a period of 10 hours or more and capable of making audio recordings with the assistance of a wireless microphone.
In-car video camera recording equipment with a recording medium capable of recording for a period of 10 hours or more shall record activities—
whenever a patrol vehicle is assigned to patrol duty;
outside a patrol vehicle whenever—
a Federal law enforcement officer assigned that patrol vehicle is conducting an enforcement or investigative stop;
patrol vehicle emergency lights are activated or would otherwise be activated if not for the need to conceal the presence of law enforcement; or
an officer reasonably believes recording may assist with prosecution, enhance safety, or for any other lawful purpose; and
inside the vehicle when transporting an arrestee or when an officer reasonably believes recording may assist with prosecution, enhance safety, or for any other lawful purpose.
A Federal law enforcement officer shall begin recording for an enforcement or investigative stop when the officer determines an enforcement stop is necessary and shall continue until the enforcement action has been completed and the subject of the enforcement or investigative stop or the officer has left the scene.
A Federal law enforcement officer shall begin recording when patrol vehicle emergency lights are activated or when they would otherwise be activated if not for the need to conceal the presence of law enforcement, and shall continue until the reason for the activation ceases to exist, regardless of whether the emergency lights are no longer activated.
A Federal law enforcement officer may begin recording if the officer reasonably believes recording may assist with prosecution, enhance safety, or for any other lawful purpose; and shall continue until the reason for recording ceases to exist.
A Federal law enforcement officer shall record any enforcement or investigative stop. Audio recording shall terminate upon release of the violator and prior to initiating a separate criminal investigation.
Recordings made on in-car video camera recording medium shall be retained for a storage period of at least 90 days. Under no circumstances shall any recording made on in-car video camera recording medium be altered or erased prior to the expiration of the designated storage period. Upon completion of the storage period, the recording medium may be erased and reissued for operational use unless otherwise ordered or if designated for evidentiary or training purposes.
Audio or video recordings made pursuant to this section shall be available under the applicable provisions of section 552a of title 5, United States Code. Only recorded portions of the audio recording or video recording medium applicable to the request will be available for inspection or copying.
The agency shall ensure proper care and maintenance of in-car video camera recording equipment and recording medium. An officer operating a patrol vehicle must immediately document and notify the appropriate person of any technical difficulties, failures, or problems with the in-car video camera recording equipment or recording medium. Upon receiving notice, every reasonable effort shall be made to correct and repair any of the in-car video camera recording equipment or recording medium and determine if it is in the public interest to permit the use of the patrol vehicle.
No camera or recording device authorized or required to be used under this part may be equipped with or employ facial recognition technology, and footage from such a camera or recording device may not be subjected to facial recognition technology.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on Federal law enforcement officer training, vehicle pursuits, use of force, and interaction with citizens, and submit a report on such study to—
the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and of the Senate;
the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives; and
the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate.
Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall issue such final regulations as are necessary to carry out this part.
Nothing in this part shall be construed to impose any requirement on a Federal law enforcement officer outside of the course of carrying out that officer’s duty.
This part may be cited as the Police Creating Accountability by Making Effective Recording Available Act of 2025 Police CAMERA Act of 2025
or the
.
Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10153(a)), as amended by section 334, is amended by adding at the end the following:
An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 5 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to develop policies and protocols in compliance with part OO.
Grant amounts described in paragraph (10) of section 502(a) of this title—
shall be used—
to purchase or lease body-worn cameras for use by State, local, and tribal law enforcement officers (as defined in section 2503);
for expenses related to the implementation of a body-worn camera program in order to deter excessive force, improve accountability and transparency of use of force by law enforcement officers, assist in responding to complaints against law enforcement officers, and improve evidence collection; and
to implement policies or procedures to comply with the requirements described in subsection (b); and
A recipient of a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title shall—
establish policies and procedures in accordance with the requirements described in subsection (c) before law enforcement officers use of body-worn cameras;
adopt recorded data collection and retention protocols as described in subsection (d) before law enforcement officers use of body-worn cameras;
make the policies and protocols described in paragraphs (1) and (2) available to the public; and
comply with the requirements for use of recorded data under subsection (f).
develop with community input and publish for public view policies and protocols for—
the safe and effective use of body-worn cameras;
the secure storage, handling, and destruction of recorded data collected by body-worn cameras;
protecting the privacy rights of any individual who may be recorded by a body-worn camera;
the release of any recorded data collected by a body-worn camera in accordance with the open records laws, if any, of the State; and
making recorded data available to prosecutors, defense attorneys, and other officers of the court in accordance with subparagraph (E); and
conduct periodic evaluations of the security of the storage and handling of the body-worn camera data.
The recorded data collection and retention protocol described in this paragraph is a protocol that—
requires—
a law enforcement officer who is wearing a body-worn camera to provide an explanation if an activity that is required to be recorded by the body-worn camera is not recorded;
a law enforcement officer who is wearing a body-worn camera to obtain consent to be recorded from a crime victim or witness before interviewing the victim or witness;
the collection of recorded data unrelated to a legitimate law enforcement purpose be minimized to the greatest extent practicable;
the system used to store recorded data collected by body-worn cameras to log all viewing, modification, or deletion of stored recorded data and to prevent, to the greatest extent practicable, the unauthorized access or disclosure of stored recorded data;
any law enforcement officer be prohibited from accessing the stored data without an authorized purpose; and
the law enforcement agency to collect and report statistical data on—
incidences of use of force, disaggregated by race, ethnicity, gender, and age of the victim;
the number of complaints filed against law enforcement officers;
the disposition of complaints filed against law enforcement officers;
the number of times camera footage is used for evidence collection in investigations of crimes; and
any other additional statistical data that the Director determines should be collected and reported;
allows an individual to file a complaint with a law enforcement agency relating to the improper use of body-worn cameras; and
complies with any other requirements established by the Director.
Statistical data required to be collected under subsection (d)(1)(D) shall be reported to the Director, who shall—
establish a standardized reporting system for statistical data collected under this program; and
establish a national database of statistical data recorded under this program.
Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this part, the Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management shall perform an assessment of the use of funds under this section and the policies and protocols of the grantees.
describes the progress of the body-worn camera program; and
contains recommendations on ways in which the Federal Government, States, and units of local government can further support the implementation of the program.
The Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management shall evaluate the policies and protocols of the grantees and take such steps as the Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management determines necessary to ensure compliance with the program.
The Director shall establish and maintain a body-worn camera training toolkit for law enforcement agencies, academia, and other relevant entities to provide training and technical assistance, including best practices for implementation, model policies and procedures, and research materials.
In establishing the toolkit required to under subsection (a), the Director may consolidate research, practices, templates, and tools that been developed by expert and law enforcement agencies across the country.
Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Police CAMERA Act of 2025, the Director shall conduct a study on—
the efficacy of body-worn cameras in deterring excessive force by law enforcement officers;
the impact of body-worn cameras on the accountability and transparency of the use of force by law enforcement officers;
the impact of body-worn cameras on responses to and adjudications of complaints of excessive force;
the effect of the use of body-worn cameras on the safety of law enforcement officers on patrol;
the effect of the use of body-worn cameras on public safety;
the impact of body-worn cameras on evidence collection for criminal investigations;
issues relating to the secure storage and handling of recorded data from the body-worn cameras;
issues relating to the privacy of individuals and officers recorded on body-worn cameras;
issues relating to the constitutional rights of individuals on whom facial recognition technology is used;
issues relating to limitations on the use of facial recognition technology;
issues relating to the public’s access to body-worn camera footage;
the need for proper training of law enforcement officers that use body-worn cameras;
best practices in the development of protocols for the safe and effective use of body-worn cameras;
a review of law enforcement agencies that found body-worn cameras to be unhelpful in the operations of the agencies; and
any other factors that the Director determines are relevant in evaluating the efficacy of body-worn cameras.
Not later than 180 days after the date on which the study required under subsection (a) is completed, the Director shall submit to Congress a report on the study, which shall include any policy recommendations that the Director considers appropriate.
This title may be cited as the Closing the Law Enforcement Consent Loophole Act of 2025
.
in the section heading, by adding at the end the following: or by any person acting under color of law
;
by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively;
by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by adding at the end the following:
The table of sections for chapter 109A of title 18, United States Code, is amended by amending the item related to section 2243 to read as follows:
A law described in this subsection is a law that—
makes it a criminal offense for any person acting under color of law of the State or unit of local government to engage in a sexual act with an individual, including an individual who is under arrest, in detention, or otherwise in the actual custody of any law enforcement officer; and
prohibits a person charged with an offense described in paragraph (1) from asserting the consent of the other individual as a defense.
the information required to be reported to the Attorney General under section 403(b); and
the disposition of each case in which sexual misconduct by a person acting under color of law was reported.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on any violations of section 2243(c) of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 402, committed during the 1-year period covered by the report.
In this title, the term sexual act has the meaning given the term in section 2246 of title 18, United States Code.
If any provision of this Act, or the application of such a provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and the application of the remaining provisions of this Act to any person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed—
to limit legal or administrative remedies under section 1979 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. 1983), section 210401 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 12601), title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.), or title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.);
to affect any Federal, State, or Tribal law that applies to an Indian Tribe because of the political status of the Tribe; or
to waive the sovereign immunity of an Indian Tribe without the consent of the Tribe.