HR 5543
Baltic Security Assessment Act of 2025
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Bill overview
This bill directs the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense to produce a report assessing the security threats facing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The report will examine military, cyber, and political risks, including those posed by Russia, Belarus, China, and Iran, and will evaluate current U.S. and NATO military presence in the region. It also aims to identify ways to bolster the Baltic countries’ defenses and democratic institutions.
Key provisions
- Requires the Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense to submit a report on threats to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
- The report must analyze military, cyber, hybrid, and political threats.
- The report must identify the roles of various malign actors, including Russia, Belarus, China, and Iran.
- The report must evaluate U.S. and NATO forces in the region.
- The report must recommend ways to strengthen deterrence, cybersecurity, and democratic resilience.
- The report will be submitted to both the House and Senate Foreign Affairs and Armed Services Committees.
Who is affected
- Estonia
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- United States
- Russia
Notable changes
- The bill mandates a specific report on emerging threats to the Baltic countries.
- It expands the scope of threat assessment to include hybrid and cyber threats.
- It identifies specific actors contributing to threats in the region.
Sponsors
Official sponsors from legislative records.
Primary sponsor
Cosponsors
Aumua Amata Coleman [R-AS-At Large] Radewagen
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119th CONGRESS — 1st Session
H. R. 5543
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
A BILL
To require the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, to submit a report on emerging threats posed to the Republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, and for other purposes.
This Act may be cited as the Baltic Security Assessment Act of 2025
.
It is the sense of Congress that—
supporting and strengthening the security of the Republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania is in the national security interests of the United States;
continuing to strengthen and update the security cooperation roadmap for the United States and the Baltic countries is critical to achieving strategic security priorities as the Republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania face ongoing belligerence and threats from the Russian Federation, including amid the Russian Federation’s illegal and unprovoked war in Ukraine that began on February 24, 2022;
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have been valued members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and continue to contribute to the organizations’ collective security and partnership; and
improved economic ties between the United States, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, including to counter economic pressure by the People’s Republic of China, offer an opportunity to strengthen the United States-Baltic strategic partnership.
Baltic countries);
the roles of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the People's Republic of China, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and other malign actors in advancing such threats;
the current posture and presence of United States and NATO forces in the region in deterring such threats;
opportunities to enhance bilateral and multilateral defense cooperation between the United States and the Baltic countries; and
recommendations for strengthening the deterrence posture, cybersecurity infrastructure, and democratic resilience of the Baltic countries.
The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassifed form and may contain a classified annex.
In this section, the term appropriate congressional committees
means—
the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate.