HR 7632
SHADOW Act
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Bill overview
This bill, titled the Strategic Hybrid Activities Defense and Operations for the West Act (SHADOW Act), aims to bolster U.S. efforts to counter hybrid warfare activities, particularly those originating from China and Russia. It establishes a Coordinator for hybrid warfare accountability within the State Department to oversee interagency and allied engagement, assess threats, and coordinate responses. The bill also directs the State Department to identify and report on Chinese entities supporting Russia’s defense industry and recommends appropriate sanctions.
Key provisions
- Designates a Coordinator for hybrid warfare accountability within the State Department.
- Requires the State Department to assess and engage diplomatically with foreign governments to counter hybrid warfare.
- Directs the Coordinator to facilitate information sharing with NATO allies and other partners.
- Mandates the Coordinator to support resilience and de-risking efforts with vulnerable allies and partners.
- Requires the Coordinator to submit regular reports to Congress on hybrid warfare activities and response efforts.
- Orders the Coordinator to identify and report on Chinese entities supporting Russia’s defense industrial base, recommending sanctions.
- Defines ‘hybrid warfare activities’ to include a broad range of tactics like information campaigns, cyberattacks, and economic pressure.
- Specifies the congressional committees responsible for receiving reports related to the bill.
Who is affected
- Department of State
Sponsors
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Primary sponsor
Cosponsors
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119th CONGRESS — 2d Session
H. R. 7632
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
A BILL
To designate a Coordinator for hybrid warfare accountability, require the Secretary of State to submit a report identifying Chinese entities materially supporting Russia’s defense industrial base and recommending appropriate sanctions, and for other purposes.
This Act may be cited as the Strategic Hybrid Activities Defense and Operations for the West Act SHADOW Act
or the
.
The Secretary of State shall—
in consultation with other relevant officials of the Department of State, assess the persistent and growing threat of hybrid warfare activities, including in Europe against United States interests as a matter of importance to the foreign policy of the United States;
engage diplomatically with foreign governments including in Europe to promote transatlantic cooperation in countering and addressing hybrid warfare activities that may threaten transatlantic stability, the security of United States citizens and institutions abroad, and the stability of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); and
Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall designate a senior official from among existing officers or employees of the Department of State, who shall report to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs, to serve as the principal official responsible for coordinating all United States interagency and allied engagement on hybrid warfare (in this section referred to as the Coordinator
).
The Coordinator shall oversee the efforts of the Department of State relating to the following:
Assessing, integrating, and disseminating information on hybrid warfare activities, including Chinese and Russian-linked efforts as well as those of non-state actors, for use in diplomatic engagement, interagency strategy, and allied coordination.
Identifying analytic and operational gaps in the United States understanding of hybrid threats and developing recommendations to address those gaps.
Supporting resilience and de-risking efforts with allies and partners in sectors vulnerable to foreign coercion, including critical infrastructure, telecommunications, energy, and strategic materials.
Not later than 60 days after the designation of a Coordinator pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees—
the name of the official designated as the Coordinator; and
a strategy describing the manner in which the Coordinator will support the Department of State and interagency efforts to address hybrid threats.
Not later than 1 year after the designation of a Coordinator pursuant to subsection (a), and annually thereafter for 3 years, the Coordinator shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the following:
Key assessments and findings on hybrid warfare activities.
Progress on interagency and allied coordination.
Measures taken to support resilience and de-risking efforts with allies and partners.
Each report required by this section may be submitted in classified form as necessary to protect sensitive sources and methods.
For purposes of this section, the term hybrid warfare activities
refers to the use of a combination of military and non-military, as well as covert and overt, means to influence, destabilize, or undermine United States interests abroad. Such activities may include the following among others:
Information campaigns targeting United States interests.
Cyber-attacks.
Economic pressure, coercion, or manipulation.
Deployment of operatives, irregular armed groups, and uses of regular forces in ways that threaten United States or allied interests.
The deliberate weaponization or exploitation of migration flows to exert political, economic, or security pressure on the United States or its allies.
Sabotage, damage, or disruption of critical onshore or offshore infrastructure, including energy, telecommunications, or undersea infrastructure.
Targeted assassinations or attempted assassinations undertaken as part of a broader effort to intimidate, destabilize, or coerce.
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Coordinator designated pursuant to section 3(a), in consultation with the relevant heads of other Federal departments and offices, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—
identifies each Chinese entity the Coordinator determines materially supports Russia’s defense industrial base; and
recommends sanctions, export controls, or other measures the Coordinator determines are necessary or appropriate to address such support.
The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex only for the protection of intelligence sources and methods relating to the matters contained in such report.
The Secretary of State shall publish on a publicly available website of the Department of State the unclassified portion of the report required by subsection (a).
In this Act, the term appropriate congressional committees
means the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.