119th Congress (2025-2026)

HR 4780

USTRx Act

Introduced

Jurisdiction

US Congress

Session

119th Congress (2025-2026)

Official source

Chamber

House

Session

119th Congress (2025-2026)

Jurisdiction

US Congress

Bill overview

The USTRx Act aims to address what the U.S. government views as unfair trade practices by high-income countries regarding pharmaceutical prices. It establishes a Chief Pharmaceutical Trade Negotiator to specifically focus on these issues and empowers the U.S. Trade Representative to identify and challenge policies that depress drug prices and discourage innovation. The bill also requires an annual report detailing concerns about foreign pharmaceutical regulations and potential responses.

Key provisions

Creates a Chief Pharmaceutical Trade Negotiator within the U.S. Trade Representative's office.
Requires the U.S. Trade Representative to annually list high-income countries based on World Bank statistics.
Mandates an annual report detailing reviews of foreign pharmaceutical policies and practices.
Outlines specific criteria for evaluating foreign policies, including fairness, market-based practices, and impact on innovation.
Authorizes the U.S. Trade Representative to take action, including investigations, to address harmful practices.
Directs the U.S. Trade Representative to consult with the Chief Intellectual Property Negotiator.
Requires the submission of a response plan to Congress within 30 days of identifying concerning practices.
Updates the Trade Act of 1974 to provide the necessary authority for these actions.

Who is affected

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers
U.S. Patients
United States Trade Representative
Foreign Governments (specifically high-income countries)

Positions across the country

No public positions recorded for this legislation.

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Legislative history

2025-07-29House

Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.

2025-07-29

Introduced in House

2025-07-29

Introduced in House

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Jul 29, 2025XMLView source

119th CONGRESS — 1st Session

H. R. 4780

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

A BILL

To identify and take action against international trade practices of high income countries that unfairly exploit innovation by deviating from market-based policies and unfairly exploit United States innovation, and for other purposes.

1.Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Use Sovereignty To reduce Rx Act

or the

USTRx Act

2.Findings; sense of Congress

(a)FindingsCongress finds the following:

(1)Pharmaceutical price controls in foreign markets distort global trade flows and competition by depressing the prices of innovative drugs and exploiting pharmaceutical innovations researched and developed in the United States.

(2)By setting prices at levels that are not market-based, such price controls undervalue the discovery of new, innovative treatments, diminish opportunities and incentives for global innovation in new medicines, and threaten to restrict access to new treatments and cures for United States patients and consumers.

(3)Recognizing these dynamics, it is critical that the United States use all available trade tools to address such free-riding to ensure that foreign government regulatory reimbursement regimes are transparent, provide procedural fairness, are non-discriminatory, and provide full market access to United States products.

(b)Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1)ensuring the security of innovative and affordable healthcare is a top priority for Americans and for Congress;

(2)foreign government policies that mandate artificially low drug prices in foreign markets undermine this priority by reducing global incentives to invest in the development of new medicines;

(3)

such exploitative behavior unfairly shifts the cost of developing new treatments to the United States and unduly relies on America’s patients and taxpayers to finance global pharmaceutical innovation; and

(4)safeguarding access to life-saving treatments for American patients requires combating such behavior so that foreign countries pay their fair share of the costs associated with the development of new drugs.

3.Chief Pharmaceutical Trade Negotiator

(a)EstablishmentSection 141(b) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2171(b)), is amended as follows:

(1)

In paragraph (2)—

(A)

in the first sentence, by inserting one Chief Pharmaceutical Trade Negotiator, after one Chief Agricultural Negotiator,; and

(B)

by inserting the Chief Pharmaceutical Trade Negotiator, after the Chief Agricultural Negotiator, each place it appears.

(2)

By adding at the end the following new paragraph:

(7)The principal functions of the Chief Pharmaceutical Trade Negotiator shall be to conduct trade negotiations, enforce trade agreements relating to United States pharmaceutical products, and take appropriate action to address acts, policies, or practices of high-income countries that have a significant adverse impact on the ability of United States pharmaceutical manufacturers to enjoy full market access. The Chief Pharmaceutical Trade Negotiator shall be a vigorous advocate on behalf of United States manufacturers and consumers of pharmaceutical products and shall perform such other functions as the United States Trade Representative may direct. In carrying out such duties, the Chief Pharmaceutical Negotiator shall, as appropriate, consult or coordinate with the Chief Intellectual Property Negotiator.

(b)Annual report

(1)List of high-income countriesThe United States Trade Representative shall compile and annually update a list of each foreign country that is defined as high-income by the official statistics of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development of the World Bank.

(2)Report required

With respect to each country included on the most recent list required under paragraph (1), the United States Trade Representative, acting through the Chief Pharmaceutical Trade Negotiator, (as established pursuant to the amendments made by subsection (a)) shall annually submit to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate and concurrently publish on a publicly available website of the United States Trade Representative a report that—

(A)describes in detail the results of a review of the acts, policies, and practices of such country relating to the trade in pharmaceutical products in the previous fiscal year;

(B)determines whether such acts, policies, or practices—

(i)are not developed and implemented in a fair, nondiscriminatory, and transparent manner;

(ii)are not market-based or do not appropriately recognize the value of innovative medicines;

(iii)deny reciprocal market access for United States products;

(iv)diminish incentives for innovation in a manner that delays, prevents, or otherwise adversely impacts the introduction of new medicines in the United States;

(v)violate or are inconsistent with the provisions of, or otherwise deny benefits to the United States under, any bilateral or multilateral trade agreement with such country; and

(vi)

are unjustifiable or impose a significant burden or unreasonable or discriminatory restriction on United States commerce with such country; and

(C)describes the current status of any responsive actions taken by the United States with respect to acts, policies, or practices for which the United States Trade Representative has determined and included in any prior report, pursuant to subparagraph (B), that the interests of the United States are harmed, including responsive actions pursuant to title III of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2411 et seq.).

(c)Response to adverse actionsNot later than 30 days after the United States Trade Representative determines that an act, policy, or practice of a country included in the applicable list required under subsection (b)(1) meets any of the criteria described in subsection (b)(2)(B), the United States Trade Representative shall submit to Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate a plan to respond to such adverse action, which may include initiating an investigation under chapter 1 title III of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2411 et seq.), in accordance with section 302(b)(1) of such chapter.

HR 4780

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