HR 7613
ALERT Act
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Bill overview
The ALERT Act aims to improve aviation safety by increasing aircraft tracking and communication using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) technology and enhancing oversight. It requires the Department of Defense (DOD) to use ADS-B Out for its helicopters and mandates the FAA to require ADS-B In for civil aircraft. The bill also addresses air traffic control processes, including time-on-position practices, controller training, and safety risk assessments, with a focus on reducing near-miss incidents and improving helicopter route safety around airports.
Key provisions
- Requires DOD helicopters to be equipped with and operating integrated ADS-B In technology by December 31, 2031.
- Mandates the FAA to require ADS-B In for civil aircraft equipped with ADS-B Out by December 31, 2031.
- Establishes a working group to evaluate decreasing ADS-B inhibit altitudes for DOD helicopters.
- Creates an aviation rulemaking committee to review and recommend requirements for equipping aircraft with ACAS-Xa.
- Requires the establishment of time-on-position limits for supervisory air traffic controllers.
- Directs the FAA to establish a process for notifying parties involved in near-miss incidents.
- Requires the FAA to evaluate and revise helicopter routes around Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
- Establishes a task force to identify improvements to the air traffic controller conflict alert system.
Who is affected
- Department of Defense
- Department of Transportation
- Federal Aviation Administration
Sponsors
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Primary sponsor
Cosponsors
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119th CONGRESS — 2d Session
H. R. 7613
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
A BILL
To require certain aircraft to be equipped with collision mitigation technology, to improve helicopter route safety and separation around airports, to update air traffic control processes and procedures, to address national airspace system safety in Department of Defense activities, and for other purposes.
or theAirspace Location and Enhanced Risk Transparency Act of 2026
.ALERT Act
The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
In this Act:
The term Administrator
means the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
The term appropriate committees of Congress
means the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
The term FAA
means the Federal Aviation Administration.
The term Secretary
means the Secretary of Transportation.
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall complete an evaluation of the feasibility of decreasing the traffic advisory and resolution advisory inhibit altitudes in Airborne Collision Avoidance System Xa (hereinafter referred to as ACAS-Xa
) to enable improved alerting throughout more of the flight maneuvering envelope of an aircraft than is required under the RTCA minimum operational performance standards for the Airborne Collision Avoidance System (DO–385A, issued June 22, 2023).
In conducting the evaluation under subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult with representatives of the following:
Air carriers operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
Air carriers operating under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
Air carriers operating under part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
Regional air carriers.
Air carriers with a low-cost or ultra-low-cost business model.
Cargo air carriers.
Transport category aircraft manufacturers.
General aviation aircraft manufactures.
Avionics manufacturers.
Exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code.
Organizations representing certified collective bargaining representatives of airline pilots.
Any other stakeholders the Administrator determines appropriate.
In conducting the evaluation under subsection (a), the Administrator shall consider—
the impact to pilot and air traffic controller focus during critical phases of flight;
the benefits and detriments to pilot and air traffic controller situational awareness;
pilot training requirements;
air traffic controller training requirements; and
whether there is potential for overlapping, conflicting, and simultaneous alerts.
Committee) to review and develop findings and recommendations to require aircraft that are selected aircraft to be equipped with ACAS-Xa.
The Committee shall consist of members appointed by the Administrator, including representatives of—
air carriers operating under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
air carriers operating under part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
business aviation operators;
cargo air carriers;
transport category aircraft manufacturers;
general aviation aircraft manufactures;
avionics manufacturers;
supplemental type certificate holders;
modification service providers;
exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
organizations representing certified collective bargaining representatives of airline pilots;
aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of human factors or human factors experts with specific knowledge of aviation safety; and
any other stakeholders the Administrator determines appropriate.
In developing the findings and recommendations under subsection (a) the Committee shall consider—
the results of the evaluation under section 101;
the soonest practicable deadline for equipping newly manufactured selected aircraft;
the feasibility of using the Line Replaceable Units of existing collision avoidance systems in such aircraft;
the feasibility of using existing antennas of existing collisions avoidance systems in such aircraft; and
actions the Administrator can take to prioritize the certification and installation of ACAS-Xa;
any other considerations the Committee determines appropriate.
Not later than 1 year after the date of establishment of the Committee, the Committee shall submit to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the findings and recommendations of the Committee.
Not later than 18 months after the submission of the report under subsection (d), the Administrator shall—
issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to require selected aircraft to be equipped with ACAS-Xa; and
traffic advisory aural alerts to include clock position, relative altitude, range and vertical tendency; and
the integration of directional traffic symbols.
The notice of proposed rulemaking described in paragraph (1)(A) shall include, at a minimum—
appropriate guidance for certification of ACAS-Xa;
defined standards for the modification described in paragraph (1)(B);
a deadline for existing selected aircraft to be retrofit with ACAS-Xa, based on the findings and recommendations developed pursuant to subsection (b)(1).
Not later than 1 year after the issuance of the notice of proposed rulemaking required under paragraph (1)(A), the Administrator shall issue a final rule to carry out the requirements of this section.
selected aircraftmeans aircraft that are required to be equipped with traffic alert and collision avoidance systems as required in part 121.356 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and part 135.180 of such title.
Not later than December 31, 2026, the Administrator shall take necessary action to work with the appropriate standards setting organization to develop, finalize, and publish minimum operational performance standards for the collision avoidance system know as Airborne Collision Avoidance System Xr
(in this section referred to as ACAS-Xr
).
Not later than 30 days after the date on which the appropriate standards setting organization publishes minimal operational performance standards for ACAS-Xr under subsection (a), the Administrator shall establish an aviation rulemaking committee (in this section referred to as the Committee
) to review and develop findings and recommendations to require selected rotorcraft be equipped with ACAS-Xr.
The Committee shall consist of members appointed by the Administrator, including representatives of—
rotorcraft operating under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
rotorcraft operating under part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
rotorcraft manufacturers;
an organization representing rotorcraft operators and pilots;
general aviation aircraft manufacturers;
avionics manufacturers;
supplemental type certificate holders;
modification service providers;
exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of human factors or human factors experts with specific knowledge of aviation safety; and
any other stakeholders the Administrator determines appropriate.
In developing the findings and recommendations required under paragraph (1), the Committee shall consider—
a projected deadline to retrofit selected rotorcraft with ACAS-Xr that considers—
the feasibility of using existing antennas of existing collision mitigation systems equipped in such rotorcraft;
the feasibility and cost associated with retrofitting rotorcraft not equipped with existing collision avoidance systems; and
actions that the Administrator can take to prioritize the certification and installation of ACAS-Xr;
any other considerations the Committee determines appropriate.
Not later than 1 year after the establishment of the Committee, the Committee shall submit to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings and the recommendations developed by the Committee under this subsection.
Not later than 18 months after the submission of the report required under subsection (b)(4), the Administrator shall—
issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to require all selected rotorcraft to be equipped with ACAS-Xr; and
traffic advisory aural alerts to include clock position, relative altitude, range and vertical tendency; and
the integration of directional traffic symbols.
The notice of proposed rulemaking required under paragraph (1)(A) shall include, at a minimum—
appropriate guidance for the certification of ACAS-Xr systems;
defined standards for the modifications to such systems described in paragraph (1)(B);
a deadline for selected rotorcraft to be retrofit with ACAS-Xr, based on the findings and recommendations developed pursuant to subsection (b).
Not later than 18 months after the issuance of a notice of proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1)(A), the Administrator shall issue a final rule associated with such proposed rulemaking.
selected rotorcraftmeans a civil rotorcraft operating in Class B airspace.
Not later than 45 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a negotiated rulemaking proceeding to require covered aircraft to be equipped with collision mitigation technology.
The committee convened for the negotiated rulemaking described in subsection (a) (in this section referred to as the Committee
) shall include participation from representatives of the following:
Air carriers operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
Air carriers operating under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
Air carriers operating under part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
Organizations representing the general aviation community.
Transport category aircraft manufacturers.
General aviation aircraft manufactures.
Rotorcraft manufacturers.
Avionics manufacturers.
Supplemental type certificate holders.
Aircraft modification service providers.
Exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code.
In the negotiated rulemaking required under this section, the Committee shall consider—
relevant collision avoidance technology regulation, guidance, and policies;
ADS–B), Mode S, Mode C, or other transponders;
the necessity of 2 independently verified data sources to activate traffic resolution advisories that require compliance by flight crews to maneuver a covered aircraft regardless of air traffic control instructions;
potential opportunities to extend existing surface safety technologies to address the risk of midair collisions;
the effort of the Administrator to modernize the air traffic control system, including timelines, technologies being incorporated, and planned trainings;
the role of air traffic controllers in ensuring aircraft separation;
the time it will take for the certification of collision mitigation technologies under chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code;
ongoing rulemakings required under section 102 and section 103 of this Act;
any other considerations the Administrator determines appropriate.
Not later than 2 years after the initiation of the rulemaking proceeding under subsection (a), the Administrator shall issue a final rule to carry out the requirements of this section that incorporates the recommendations from the Committee.
In issuing the final rule required under subsection (f), the Administrator shall—
require that covered aircraft be equipped with technologies capable of receiving ADS–B transmissions (in this section referred to as ADS-B In
);
establish performance requirements for equipping collision mitigation technology that, as determined by the Administrator, are appropriate for the covered aircraft and the operations, including the operating environment;
in establishing the performance requirements described in paragraph (2)—
require such technology be configured to provide audible alerting to the pilot and flight crew;
require that covered aircraft equipped with technologies that issue traffic resolution advisories are receiving and integrating into such resolution advisories not less than 2 independently verified data sources; and
identify existing or issue additional relevant guidance or technical standard orders to carry out the requirements of this section; and
that leverages alternative equipment or technology that utilizes the use of portable ADS–B In receivers or other equipment that displays on an existing or future portable device, electronic flight bag or panel mounted display; and
allows for the continued use of any portable or installed collision mitigation technology in use at the time of the effective date established in subsection (g)(5).
The Administrator may designate the Committee in a manner that would provide the Committee the same dispensation as if the Administrator had designated it as an aviation rulemaking committee under section 106(p)(5)(B) of title 49, United States Code.
In this section:
The term covered aircraft
—
means—
a turbine-powered civil aircraft (as such term is defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code) required to be equipped with ADS–B Out under section 91.225 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
The term collision mitigation technology
means equipment that receives and process ADS–B transmissions that are broadcast in accordance with part 91.225 and 91.227 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulations, and other aviation advisory information from ground stations, that provides the aircraft with awareness to the location of other aircraft and traffic advisories.
The Administrator and the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code, may execute a memorandum of understanding to review the time-on-position practices for operations supervisory personnel.
The memorandum of understanding described in paragraph (1) may—
consider the operational oversight needs and staffing levels of the air traffic facilities described in the previous subparagraphs; and
include any other items determined appropriate by the parties executing such memorandum.
In this section:
The term operational oversight means the duty of the individual in charge of the operation to effectively lead and manage the delivery of air traffic services by maintaining intentional engagement, situational awareness, and accountability within the area of supervision.
The term operations supervisory personnel means managerial personnel responsible for the direct supervision of air traffic control operational personnel.
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a working group (in this section referred to as the Working Group
) to provide the Administrator with recommendations for revising regulations and standards pertaining to the initial and recurrent training of air traffic controllers on—
threat and error management; and
tower-applied and pilot-applied visual separation procedures.
The Working Group shall consist of members appointed by the Administrator, including representatives of—
the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
the certified bargaining representative of aviation safety inspectors and engineers for the Administration;
organizations representing certified collective bargaining representatives of airline pilots;
organizations representing air traffic control managers and operations supervisors;
airport sponsors and operators;
operators under parts 121, 125, or 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of—
threat and error management best practices and policies; and
visual separation procedures and regulations.
The Working Group shall consider, at a minimum—
the findings and recommendations of the National Transportation Safety Board;
the requirements of—
FAA Order JO 3120.4S, titled Air Traffic Technical Training
, issued on August 28, 2024;
FAA Order JO 7210.3EE, titled Facility Operation and Administration
, issued on February 20, 2025;
FAA Order JO 7110.65BB, titled Air Traffic Control
, issued on February 20, 2025; and
other relevant air traffic control standards, guidance, and policies;
whether the frequency of the recurrent training described in subsection (a) should be increased for air traffic controllers in facilities managing high-complexity or high-volume airspace;
data gathered from aviation safety reporting programs; and
any other item determined appropriate by the Working Group.
Not later than 1 year after the Working Group is established, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the findings and recommendations of the Working Group.
Not later than 90 days after the submission of the report under subsection (d), the Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking revising standards for the required recurrent training described in subsection (a), as recommended by the Working Group.
Not later than 180 days after publishing the proposed rule under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall issue a final rule based on such proposed rule.
In this section, the term threat and error management has the meaning described in chapter 6 of the Risk Management Handbook (FAA H–8083–2A) or any successor document.
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall seek to enter into an agreement with a federally funded research and development center to develop a safety risk assessment tool for use by air traffic controllers to assist in airspace risk identification, mitigation, and operational decision making.
In carrying out subsection (a), the federally funded research and development center shall consider, at a minimum—
the development of a safety risk assessment tool capable of supporting the air traffic controllers in—
identifying safety risks;
analyzing the impact of and prioritizing such risks; and
developing strategies to reduce or eliminate such risks in real time;
data, reports, studies, and best practices on threat and error management;
findings and recommendations of the—
National Transportation Safety Board;
National Airspace System Safety Review Team; and
air traffic facility type and staffing level;
risk assessment guidance, policies, and regulations of the Administration in place prior to the date of enactment of this Act;
data gathered from aviation safety reporting programs;
best practices or similar relevant risk assessment tools and methods used by foreign civil aviation authorities; and
any other factors determined relevant by the federally funded research and development center.
To develop the safety risk assessment tool required under subsection (a), the federally funded research and development center shall consult with—
organizations representing operations supervisors;
the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of threat and error management;
any other stakeholders determined relevant by the federally funded research and development center.
Not later than 1 year after entering into the agreement pursuant to subsection (a), the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress on the development of the safety risk assessment tool required under this section and recommendations for implementation.
In this section, the term threat and error management has the meaning described in chapter 6 of the Risk Management Handbook (FAA H–8083–2A) or any successor document.
Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate an assessment of the aircraft arrival rate at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
In conducting the assessment described in subsection (a), the Administrator shall consider—
airspace complexity;
airfield limitations;
mixed-fleet operations;
traffic volume;
air carrier scheduling practices;
the operational capacity of such airport;
the current hourly instrument flight rules allocation practice at such airport;
expertise provided by the Air Traffic Organization; and
any other considerations the Administrator determines appropriate.
Not later than 180 days after the Administrator initiates the assessment under subsection (a), the Administrator shall complete and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress such assessment, including any related findings and recommendations.
Not later than 30 days after completing the assessment pursuant to subsection (c), and taking such assessment into account, the Administrator shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding to update subpart K of part 93 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to require allocated instrument flight rules operations at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport to be prescribed in periods not greater than 30 minutes to ensure such airport does not exceed safe capacity.
In conducting the rulemaking required under subsection (d), the Administrator shall consult with the following:
Any air carrier operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, with scheduled operations at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
The exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United Sates Code.
The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority.
Any other stakeholders the Administrator determines appropriate.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall implement operational use of the time-based flow management system at Potomac Consolidated Terminal Radar Approach Control and associated air traffic control towers.
The National Validation Team may review the criteria and procedures used to assess, determine, and validate the classification level of air traffic control facilities.
To conduct the review required under paragraph (1), the National Validation Team may consider—
the accuracy of the factors and multipliers used to calculate the traffic count index and other related formulas for air traffic control facilities;
whether new relevant factors and multipliers should be incorporated into such formulas to more accurately reflect the complexity of the facility operations; and
Traffic Counting, Reporting, and Processing for Determining Facility Classification Levels, or any successor document, and corresponding policy or guidance materials to reflect any criteria and procedures revised pursuant to paragraph (3).
Upon completion of the review conducted under subsection (a), the National Validation Team shall reassess, taking into account any revisions to criteria and procedures revised under such subsection, the air traffic control facility level at—
the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport; and
Not later than 1 year after completion of the review conducted under subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing the findings of the reassessment required under paragraph (1) and recommendations with respect to the classification level of air traffic control facilities described in such paragraph.
Nothing in this section may be construed to interfere with any agreement between a governmental entity and the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code, including requirements under sections 5333(b) and 40122 of title 49, United States Code, and section 7106(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code.
In this section, the term National Validation Team
means the joint working group comprised of the FAA and the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code, established in May 2011 to administer and assess the agreed-upon calculations, formulas, and standards related to air traffic control facility levels.
Not later than 3 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall convene a working group (in this section referred to as the Working Group
) to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the safety benefits and risks of requiring all aircraft to use the same communications frequency during any period in which helicopter and local air traffic control positions are combined in the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport air traffic control tower.
The Working Group convened under subsection (a) shall be comprised of representatives of—
the exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
the organization representing air traffic control operational supervisors and managers;
3 separate organizations representing the certified collective bargaining representatives of pilots operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
an organization representing helicopter aviation operators and pilots;
an organization representing business aviation operators and pilots;
an individual that has expertise in an operational or academic discipline that is relevant to the analysis of human factors in aviation, which may include air carrier operations, line pilot expertise, air traffic control, linguistics, human-machine integration, general aviation operations, and organizational behavior and culture;
the FAA, provided the representative has expertise on flight operations in the area described in subsection (a);
the Department of Defense, provided the representative has expertise on Department of Defense flight operations in the area described in subsection (a);
the Coast Guard, provided the representative has expertise on Coast Guard flight operations in the area described in subsection (a); and
Members of the Working Group shall be appointed for the duration of the Working Group.
The Working Group shall have an initial duration of 1 year.
The Administrator may extend the duration of the Working Group for an additional period of up to 1 year.
In conducting the comprehensive evaluation under subsection (a), the Working Group shall, at minimum, consider—
the benefits or detriments to pilot and air traffic controller situational awareness;
to the greatest extent possible, the human factors that would impact pilot and air traffic controller situational awareness;
to the greatest extent possible, the human factors that would impact pilot and air traffic controller focus during critical phases of flight;
existing products by other working groups related to human factors in aviation safety;
pilot training requirements;
air traffic controller training requirements;
if any, technological limitations or challenges that would impede aircraft from using the same communications frequency;
the potential for misdirected communications on crowded frequencies;
National Transportation Safety Board recommendations pertaining to miscommunications on crowded frequencies; and
solicited feedback from air carriers operating under part 121 and part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and general aviation operators under part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
Not later than 6 months after the conclusion of the Working Group, the Working Group shall submit to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings and recommendations resulting from the activities carried out under this section.
Not later than 6 months after receiving recommendations outlined in the report under subsection (f), the Administrator may take such action, as appropriate, to implement such recommendations.
In conducting the assessment under subsection (a), the Administrator shall, at minimum, consider—
technologies currently in use domestically and internationally that alert an air traffic controller or flight crew to instances in which radio transmissions may have been blocked;
the technical standards written for, and associated with, the use of such technologies identified under paragraph (1);
the potential benefits and enhanced awareness that the adoption of such technologies would provide;
the technological limitations associated with such technologies;
In conducting the assessment under subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult with stakeholders or standards organizations, including—
the organization representing air traffic control operational supervisors and managers;
the certified bargaining representative of aviation safety inspectors and engineers for the FAA;
an organization representing manufacturers of air traffic management systems, equipment and technologies;
an organization representing helicopter aviation operators and pilots;
an organization representing general aviation operators and pilots; and
any other organization or agency the Administrator determines appropriate.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the assessment under subsection (a) that includes—
a list of technologies identified by the Administrator serving the purpose described in subsection (a);
a plan to implement the technologies listed under paragraphs (1) and (2), including—
the scope of potential upgrades;
predicted costs;
a projected timeline; and
how the potential upgrades to facilities and equipment within the scope of subparagraph (A) would be prioritized.
Not later than 3 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall convene a task force (in this section referred to as the Task Force
) to develop a framework detailing the priorities, goals, timeline, and recommendations to implement improvements to the conflict alert system to provide more salient and meaningful alerts to air traffic controllers based on the severity of the conflict triggering the alert.
The Task Force convened under subsection (a) shall be comprised of representatives of—
the exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
the organization representing air traffic control operational supervisors and managers;
the certified bargaining representative of aviation safety inspectors and engineers for the FAA;
individuals with expertise in an operational or academic discipline that is relevant to the analysis of human factors in aviation, which may include air carrier operations, line pilot expertise, air traffic control, linguistics, human-machine integration, general aviation operations, and organizational behavior and culture;
the FAA, including the Air Traffic Organization and the Office of Finance and Management, provided such representative has expertise on equipment procurement; and
Members of the Task Force shall be appointed for the duration of the Task Force.
The Task Force shall have an initial duration of 1 year.
The Administrator may extend the duration of the Task Force for an additional period of up to 6 months.
In developing the framework under subsection (a), the Task Force shall, at minimum, consider—
the benefits and detriments to air traffic controller situational awareness, including availability of information, nuisance alerts, and human factors;
existing products by other working groups related to human factors in aviation safety;
air traffic controller training requirements;
advances in available technology not being utilized as of the date on which the Task Force is convened;
technological limitations;
National Transportation Safety Board recommendations pertaining to air traffic controller alerts, distractions, and loss of focus;
the effort of the FAA to modernize the air traffic control system, including timelines, new technologies being incorporated, and planned training; and
Not later than 4 months after the conclusion of the Task Force, the Task Force shall submit to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes the framework developed as a result of the activities carried out under subsection (a).
Not later than 8 months after receiving the framework outlined in the report under subsection (f), the Administrator shall finalize and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a plan (in this section referred to as the Plan
) to implement such framework.
Such Plan shall include, as appropriate—
specific training requirements for air traffic controllers, as detailed in—
FAA Order JO 3120.4S, titled Air Traffic Technical Training
, issued on August 28, 2024;
FAA Order JO 7210.3EE, titled Facility Operation and Administration
, issued on February 20, 2025; and
any successor or other relevant documents or guidance; and
a publicly available prioritized list of airports enumerating the order in which they will receive such upgrades.
The Plan may not contain a timeline of implementation that exceeds 2 years.
The Administrator shall immediately begin implementing the Plan upon the submission of such Plan under paragraph (1) to the appropriate committees of Congress.
Not later than 6 months after the submission of the Plan to Congress under subsection (g)(1), and every 6 months thereafter until the full implementation of the Plan, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress on the progress of implementation.
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review and revise, as appropriate, the initial event response procedures of the Air Traffic Organization to ensure an appropriate on-site supervisor makes each postaccident and postincident drug and alcohol testing determination in a timely manner.
In reviewing and revising the procedures described under subsection (a), the Administrator shall—
require such procedures to be based on an on-site supervisor’s assessment, without needing to wait for investigation or approval, of—
whether the event meets testing criteria; and
which air traffic controllers had duties pertaining to the involved aircraft;
evaluate guidance, regulations, and policies regarding the postaccident and postincident drug and alcohol testing prior to the date of enactment of this Act; and
consult with representatives of—
the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
organizations representing air traffic control managers and operational supervisors; and
experts with specific knowledge in drug and alcohol testing.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop standards for annual training on the revised postaccident and postincident drug and alcohol testing determination procedure described in subsection (a) for all staff of the Air Traffic Organization who have responsibilities under such procedure.
The training standards developed under this subsection shall, at a minimum—
include a postlearning knowledge assessment; and
consider the findings and recommendations of the National Transportation Safety Board.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall conduct a review of the ability of each air traffic control facility to routinely accomplish the required postaccident and postincident drug and alcohol testing within the Secretary’s specified timeframes of within 2 hours for alcohol testing and within 4 hours for drug testing.
Not later than 3 months after the Administrator completes the initial review under paragraph (1), and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation a report demonstrating such ability of each air traffic control facility.
Not later than 3 months after the submission of the report under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall develop and implement a process to ensure that any air traffic control facility without such capability will carry out timely remediation.
The Administrator shall publish, on a publicly available website of the FAA, the date on which the annual review for each Helicopter Route Chart has been most recently completed, as required pursuant to FAA Order JO 7210.3EE, titled Facility Operation and Administration
(or any successor document).
Not later than December 31, 2026, and December 31 of each year thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing, at a minimum, the following information:
A summary of changes, if applicable, made to each Helicopter Route Chart, including—
changes, additions, or deletions to designated helicopter routes;
changes in instrument flight rules routes;
additions or deletions of visual checkpoints; and
rationale or safety data to justify any changes described in subparagraphs (A) through (C).
Safety Risk Management Policy(or any successor document).
An summary of any advanced consultation between the Administrator and impacted helicopter and fixed-wing operators in planning the safety risk management process.
Air Traffic Control(or any successor document), with fixed-wing aircraft operating along airport approach and departure paths.
If the Administrator fails to submit an annual report required under subsection (b) on or before the date on which such report is required to be submitted, the Chief Operating Officer of the Air Traffic Organization shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress in person not later than 4 weeks after such date.
Not later than 4 days after such date, the FAA shall begin initial outreach to and coordination with the appropriate committees of Congress to arrange and organize logistics of the briefing required under paragraph (1).
The briefing required under paragraph (1) shall be in a format and at a time to be determined by such committees.
Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall evaluate charted helicopter routes in the vicinity of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
are safely deconflicted physically at all times; or
have operating procedures that require positive control from the controller to ensure safe deconfliction during operations.
In carrying out the route revisions required under subsection (b), the Administrator shall conduct a safety risk management review, as necessary, for any helicopter route changes, in accordance with FAA Order 8040.4C, titled Safety Risk Management Policy
(or any successor document).
Not later than 120 days after the Administrator completes all the evaluations and subsequent route revisions required under this section, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing—
the results of the evaluations required under subsection (a);
the safety risk management review documentation developed as a result of the review conducted under subsection (c).
Facility Operation and Administration(or any successor document).
Facility Operation and Administration(or any successor document), to add minimum vertical separation requirements to the criteria for the helicopter route chart program.
The Administrator shall ensure that any helicopter chart that represents an area near an airport clearly conveys to an operator the segments of such helicopter routes in the vicinity of such airport.
At minimum, each such chart shall clearly convey for each of the segments, the recommended flight altitudes, including altitude ceilings and floors, and any necessary instructions, to ensure minimum separation, in accordance with FAA Order JO 7110.65BB, titled Air Traffic Control
(or any successor document), between—
a helicopter utilizing such segment; and
a fixed-wing aircraft operating at or near such airport during critical phases of flight.
Facility Operation and Administration(or any successor document), to account for any additional changes made by this section.
The Administrator shall ensure that any changes made to Helicopter Route Charts as a result of this section are assessed on an annual basis as part of the annual review described in section 115.
Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a study on incorporating the lateral location and published altitudes of helicopter routes into all instrument and visual approach and departure procedures for airports.
In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult with relevant stakeholders, including—
air carriers;
an organization representing helicopter operators and pilots;
an organization representing general aviation operators and pilots;
the certified exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code; and
In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator shall consider the—
spacing and legibility of information on charts;
workload of flight crews at lower altitudes and during critical phases of flight;
Not later than 1 year after initiating the study under subsection (a), the Administrator shall make any revisions necessary to—
Terminal Procedures Publications to include charted helicopter routes to provide appropriate situational awareness to fixed-wing operators; and
Helicopter Route Charts to include airport approach and departure paths to provide appropriate situational awareness to helicopter operators.
Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a working group to make recommendations on—
associated parameters that can be used to monitor the prevalence of such encounters and identify areas of potential traffic conflict for safety assurance and safety risk management for such encounters; and
making publicly available aggregated information about such encounters.
In carrying out subsection (a), the working group shall consider—
the development of a definition of, and associated parameters for, close proximity encounter events;
data gathered from aviation safety reporting systems and reports, including the Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing Program, the Aviation Safety Action Program, the Performance Data Analysis and Reporting System, the Aviation Risk Identification and Assessment (ARIA
) system, preliminary ARIA reports, the Air Traffic Safety Action Program, the Aviation Safety Reporting System, the Near Midair Collision System, mandatory occurrence reports, and other relevant systems and reports;
findings and recommendations of the National Transportation Safety Board, including findings and recommendations of the DCA Midair Collision report;
FAA risk assessment guidance, policies, and regulations in place prior to the date of enactment of this Act;
best practices or similar relevant risk assessment tools and methods used by foreign civil aviation authorities; and
any other factors determined relevant by the working group.
The working group shall consist of the following:
The following members appointed by the Administrator:
2 representatives of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration with expertise in safety data.
5 appropriately qualified representatives of aviation labor organizations (designated by the applicable represented organization), including—
organizations representing certified collective bargaining representatives of airline pilots;
Not fewer than 5 independent subject matter experts in safety management systems and safety data who—
have not served as a political appointee in the Administration; and
have a minimum of 10 years of relevant applied experience.
2 air carrier employees whose job responsibilities include administration of a safety management system.
2 individuals representing holders of a certificate issued under part 21 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, whose job responsibilities include administration of a safety management system.
In addition to the appointed members described in paragraph (1), the working group shall be advised by up to 5 employees of the Administration, at least 3 of whom shall be subject matter experts in implementing safety assurance and safety risk management.
Air Traffic Organization Occurrence Reporting(or any successor document) and airborne loss of separation minima in FAA Order JO 7110.65BB, titled
Air Traffic Control(or any successor document), shall establish a process to—
notify parties involved with an airborne loss of separation event of such event; and
provide deidentified event data to the Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing program.
In establishing the process under subsection (a), the Administrator shall—
establish a database that tracks the details of airborne loss of separation events;
continuously monitor and review such database to identify areas of potential traffic conflict for safety assurance and safety risk management;
ensure timeliness of notifications to the parties described in subsection (a)(1) so that relevant data remains available before meaningful safety analysis, reporting, or corrective action is no longer practicable;
consider the practicality and usefulness of notification requirements for—
airport surface loss of separation;
loss of separation with terrain or obstacles;
traffic alert and collision avoidance system resolution advisory activations; and
any other close proximity encounters as determined by the Administrator.
In establishing the process under subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult with—
air carriers;
helicopter operators;
general aviation operators;
organizations representing certified collective bargaining representatives of airline pilots;
the certified exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers of the Administration certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
FAA subject matter experts, including aviation safety inspectors; and
other aviation safety experts determined appropriate by the Administrator.
Not later than 30 days after establishing the process required under subsection (a), the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress on the implementation of this section.
Not later than 1 year after establishing the process required under subsection (a), and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing—
data on number and location of airborne loss of separation events;
the average time of notification to parties involved in such events;
identified locations of concern or other trends; and
actions taken to mitigate identified risks and reduce such events.
In conducting the audit under subsection (a), the inspector general shall, at a minimum, evaluate—
whether such system effectively coordinated safety assurance and safety risk management activities with external stakeholders within the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Class B airspace;
which data analysis, safety assurance, and risk assessment processes failed to identify and mitigate the risk of potential midair collisions near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport before January 29, 2025;
the failure of the Air Traffic Organization to recognize external compliance verification results as indicators of systemic traffic management, volume, and flow issues at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport for which air traffic controllers were required to compensate to mitigate such issues;
Facility Operation and Administration;
the failure of the Air Traffic Organization to understand and implement post-accident and post-incident drug and alcohol testing as required by Department of Transportation Order 3910.1D, titled Drug and Alcohol-Free Departmental Workplace Program
;
whether there are fears of retaliation against persons identifying or reporting risks in accordance with the safety management system; and
Safety Risk Management Policy(or any successor document) in the National Airspace System Helicopter Operations Helicopter Route Analysis of the FAA issued in April 2025.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the inspector general shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the audit conducted under subsection (a).
recommendations for actions the Secretary should take with respect to the Air Traffic Organization to—
strengthen and adhere to the tenets of the safety management system;
increase data sharing and collaboration with external stakeholders;
protect against retaliation;
encourage open, nonpunitive communication; and
foster a just culture across the Air Traffic Organization;
any other recommendations the inspector general determines appropriate.
Not later than 120 days after submission of the report required under subsection (c)—
the Secretary shall respond to any recommendations in such report that are directed at the Department of Transportation or FAA, respectively; and
In reviewing and revising the regulations described in subsection (a), the Administrator shall—
examine the feasibility of digitizing, or providing an electronic means of, the documentation described in subsection (a);
consider air traffic facility type and staffing level; and
consult with representatives of—
the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
organizations representing air traffic control managers and operational supervisors; and
aviation safety experts with specific knowledge in information technology.
Not later than 1 year after the completion of the review required under subsection (a), the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress on implementation of this section.
In this section:
The term controller-in-charge
means an air traffic control specialist performing duties of a shift supervisor in accordance with—
FAA Order JO 7210.3EE, titled Facility Operation and Administration
, issued on February 20, 2025; and
FAA Order JO 7110.65BB, titled Air Traffic Control
, issued on February 20, 2025.
The term operations supervisor
means managerial personnel responsible for the direct supervision of air traffic control operational personnel.
Facility Operation and Administration(or any successor document) to determine if such standards provide for a separation of traffic that is appropriate for operational safety.
whether additional criteria should be incorporated to more appropriately reflect the traffic volume and operational complexity of air traffic control facilities; and
the findings and recommendations of the National Transportation Safety Board.
Facility Operation and Administration(or any successor document) to ensure such standards are appropriate for operational safety.
In carrying out the review under subsection (d), the Administrator shall consult with, at minimum—
the exclusive bargaining representatives of the air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code;
sponsors and operators of airports with air traffic control facilities described in subsection (d);
Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes—
a list of air traffic control facilities identified under subsection (d) as having miles-in-trail procedures or agreements that did not provide for a separation of aircraft traffic appropriate for operational safety; and
steps that the Administrator has taken, or plans to take, to modify the miles-in-trail procedures or agreements at each facility listed under paragraph (1) to ensure such procedures or agreements provide for a separation of traffic that is appropriate for operational safety.
Title 10, United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 157 the following new chapter:
In this chapter:
The term appropriate congressional committees
means the congressional defense committees, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
The term ADS–B Out
has the meaning given such term in part 91.227 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
The term air traffic control services
means services used for the monitoring, directing, control, and guidance of aircraft or flows of aircraft and for the safe conduct of flight, including communications, navigation, and surveillance services and the provision of aeronautical information.
collision mitigation technologymeans equipment that—
receives and processes Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast transmissions that are broadcast in accordance with parts 91.225 and 91.227 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or a successor regulation, and other aviation advisory information from ground stations; and
provides to an aircraft awareness with respect to the location of other aircraft and traffic advisories.
Department of Defense aircraftmeans any aircraft, either manned or unmanned, that is owned, operated, or controlled by the Department of Defense or operated pursuant to a contract entered into by the Department of Defense.
Joint Safety Councilmeans the council established under section 185 of this title.
The term National Capital Region
means—
the geographic area located within the boundaries of—
the District of Columbia;
Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties in the State of Maryland;
Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William Counties and the City of Alexandria in the Commonwealth of Virginia; and
all cities and other units of government within the geographic areas described in clauses (i) through (iii); or
the geographic area prescribed for such region in the memorandum of agreement required by section 2656 of this title, except that such geographic area may not exceed the boundaries described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (A).
The term rotary wing aviation safety management system
—
means training, policies and practices related to aviation safety; and
does not include equipment installed or carried on aircraft for flight operations.
The term sensitive aircraft data
means—
Department of Defense aircraft information relating to classified aircraft, aircraft involved in continuity of government operations or nuclear command and control, fighter aircraft, bomber aircraft, or unmanned aircraft systems;
other information which, when publicly disclosed in the aggregate, would reveal the capabilities of Department of Defense aircraft that could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to national security; and
other data identified by the Secretary of Defense as sensitive aircraft data.
The term special mission
means any mission of the Department of Defense relating to activities which, if disclosed, could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to national security, including missions related to national defense, military operational planning, operational mission rehearsals, continuity of government operations, nuclear command and control, homeland security, intelligence, or law enforcement purposes, or for which collision mitigation technology, ADS–B Out, or related equipment creates a unique risk as identified by the Secretary of Defense.
special mission aircraftmeans a Department of Defense aircraft performing a special mission, either permanently or temporarily.
The term unmanned aircraft system
has the meaning given such term in section 44801 of title 49.
Not later than September 30, 2026, the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Defense shall enter into, and jointly submit to the appropriate congressional committees a copy of, a memorandum of agreement which—
provides that fighter aircraft, bomber aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems, and other special mission aircraft that are not equipped or not yet equipped with collision mitigation technologies or ADS–B Out, or similar technologies, will be reasonably accommodated for safe operations in the national airspace system and provided with necessary air traffic control services; and
establishes policies governing the operation of collision mitigation technologies and ADS–B Out, or similar technologies, including proper maintenance and routine verification practices for such systems, on Department of Defense aircraft, consistent with this chapter.
The Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Defense, or their designees, shall consult not less than semiannually on any appropriate updates to the memorandum required under this section to reflect safe, effective, and modern air traffic identification, air space management, and related equipment.
The Secretary of Defense shall, in negotiating the memorandum of agreement required under subsection (a)—
such requirement is waived by the Secretary of a military department; or
such aircraft is carrying out a sensitive mission;
consistent with section 2657 of this title, memorialize best practices for ensuring the correct configuration of ADS–B Out and other transponders, including routine intervals for verifying transponder settings and proper operation;
clarify operational procedures regarding flight crew authority to enable ADS–B Out transmission in flight, including in response to air traffic or weather conditions; and
protect sensitive aircraft data from unnecessary disclosure, including by mitigating risks regarding the inadvertent disclosure of such data or information regarding special missions.
In carrying out this section, the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall identify and implement collision mitigation technology in Department of Defense aircraft that are not fighter aircraft, bomber aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems, or other special mission aircraft, by either integrated system or standalone device, to provide traffic information and audible alerts to flight crew while considering—
any need to protect such technology and associated displays or audible alerts against man-made electronic interference;
appropriate mitigations to known security vulnerabilities associated with such technology and associated displays or audible alerts;
appropriate safeguards for sensitive aircraft data, classified material, equipment, or sensitive missions when using or carrying electronic devices to receive or display collision mitigation technology information or convey audible alerts;
updated guidance, tactics, techniques, procedures, or training related to electromagnetic emissions related to such displays or audible alerts; and
placement in flightdeck, field of view of pilots, and human factors, to ensure such technology is effective, may be readily used, and has minimal risk of unexpected detachment.
In implementing the memorandum of agreement required by this section, the Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of a military department, may exempt from relevant portions of such memorandum an individual aircraft on a case-by-case basis if such Secretary determines that the aircraft—
is not airworthy, otherwise unrepairable, or not reasonably expected to return to service; or
for which depot-level maintenance or a substantial overhaul of avionics-related equipment is scheduled to occur prior to December 31, 2030.
The Secretary of Defense shall provide to the Secretary of Transportation notification of any aircraft the Secretary of Defense designates as a special mission aircraft operating within the United States (as such term is defined in section 1.1 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations), for purposes of this chapter. Such notification may identify such aircraft by type, model, series, or another means agreed to in the memorandum of agreement required by subsection (a).
In carrying out a memorandum of agreement pursuant to this section or any other provision of law, in order to protect the operational security of Department of Defense aircraft, the Secretary of Defense shall retain the sole control over the determination of which specific collision mitigation technology, including ADS–B implementation, equipment, or related technology, is appropriate for installation and operation in any such aircraft.
The Secretary of Defense and the Joint Safety Council shall ensure that, by not later than March 1, 2027, each military department has a robust manned rotary wing aviation safety management system. Each such system shall be designed to provide for—
responsibilities that are clearly delineated from other occupational safety responsibilities; and
implementation in a manner that is integrated with relevant units.
responsive reporting methods for identifying and collecting important safety reporting;
systems for collecting relevant safety reporting that may be used in conjunction with historical flight data to provide insights that may be used in carrying out section 2659 of this title;
options for reporting safety incidents, including encounters with civil air traffic operating in the national airspace system without retaliation, judgment, or undue consequence;
preserving reports of persistent issues with communications, either incoming or outgoing, with air traffic controllers or other aircraft in controlled airspace; and
integrating improved flight safety reporting into current operations.
Not later than 90 days after the completion of the survey required by subsection (c), the Secretary and the Joint Safety Council shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report containing—
an outline of the resources, both funding and personnel, required to implement appropriate findings and requirements of this section with respect to each military department;
an assessment of which military department practices most closely align with the best practicable solutions identified pursuant to this section; and
a plan to implement such findings and requirements.
The Joint Safety Council shall carry out the requirements under this section in a manner consistent with section 185 of this title.
In developing the training described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider historical flight data from Department of Defense manned rotary wing aircraft operating in the associated airspace.
Not later than March 1, 2027, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report containing a description of how each military department has implemented the training requirements under subsection (a) and how the Secretary has ensured consistency with respect to such implementation across the military departments.
The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall develop and implement standards across the military departments to ensure that Department of Defense manned rotary wing aircraft operations in the national airspace system, and associated training, routes, and activities, are informed by accurate recorded flight data to identify operational patterns, and improve pre-flight planning for missions within the national airspace system.
In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall—
seek to use—
existing data sets and tools to allow for convenient and expeditious use of such data at the lowest possible level; and
systems that allow for flight data to be evaluated for accuracy on a recurrent basis; and
In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall collect observations, data, and references regarding the degradation of radio transmission or reception between Department of Defense manned rotary wing aircraft and air traffic controllers or other aircraft and identify factors that may contribute to such degradation and possible remediation.
In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall—
the expected standard margin of error for barometric altimeters for each class of aircraft; and
the total potential error created by additional aircraft equipment on an otherwise airworthy barometric altimeter, including increased position error associated with the external stores support system configuration; and
incorporate observations derived from other data sources, including historical flight data monitoring from external sources, to better understand total potential error of barometric altimeters in different aircraft configurations.
the implementation of this section; and
the incorporation of the standards developed and data collected pursuant to this section into the manned rotary wing aviation safety management systems required under section 2657 of this title, to provide robust support to such systems.
The Secretary of Defense shall—
conduct a review across the military departments to identify flight data that may be readily shared with the Secretary of Transportation; and
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to—
vest in the Secretary of Defense any authority of the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under title 49 or any other provision of law;
vest in the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration any authority of the Secretary of Defense under this title or any other provision of law;
limit the authority or discretion of the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to operate air traffic control services to ensure the safe minimum separation of aircraft in flight and the efficient use of airspace;
apply a rule, guidance, plan, carriage requirement, or memorandum created, modified, or reissued pursuant to any other provision of law to any Department of Defense aircraft except through a process established in the memorandum of agreement required under section 2656 of this title; or
Effective on the date on which the memorandum of agreement required by section 2656 of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 201 of this title, is submitted to the congressional defense committees, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the following shall have no further force or effect:
Section 1046 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
The memorandum of agreement between the Department of Defense and the Federal Aviation Administration entered into on May 10, 2024.
Section 2654 of title 10, United States Code, is repealed.