SJRES 180
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
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Bill overview
This joint resolution calls on the President to remove U.S. Armed Forces from any ongoing hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran unless Congress has formally declared war or specifically authorized the use of military force. The resolution highlights concerns about the President’s actions, including initiating military force without congressional approval and threatening civilian infrastructure. It aims to ensure that any military action against Iran is consistent with Congress’s constitutional authority to declare war.
Key provisions
- Directs the President to remove U.S. Armed Forces from hostilities in or against Iran absent a declaration of war or specific authorization.
- Specifies that the resolution does not prevent defense against attacks on the U.S. or its personnel.
- Allows for intelligence gathering and sharing with allies regarding threats from Iran.
- Permits assistance to partner countries in intercepting attacks and providing defensive materiel.
- Authorizes assistance for the security and evacuation of U.S. citizens affected by the conflict.
Who is affected
- United States Armed Forces
- The Islamic Republic of Iran
- U.S. Citizens
- U.S. Diplomats
- Partner Countries
Notable changes
- Addresses the initiation of military force against Iran by the Trump Administration without prior congressional authorization.
- References the War Powers Resolution and the Department of State Authorization Act.
Sponsors
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Primary sponsor
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119th CONGRESS — 2d Session
S. J. RES. 180
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
JOINT RESOLUTION
To direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
Congress makes the following findings:
Congress has the sole power to declare war under article I, section 8, clause 11 of the United States Constitution.
The President has a constitutional responsibility to take actions to defend the United States, its territories, its possessions, citizens, service members, and diplomats from attack.
Congress has not declared war upon Iran or any person or organization within Iran, nor enacted a specific statutory authorization for the use of military force within or against Iran.
On February 28, 2026, the Trump Administration launched Operation Epic Fury, introducing the United States Armed Forces into hostilities against Iran.
The President notified Congress on March 2, 2026, pursuant to the War Powers Resolution of 1973, of the initiation of military force against Iran on February 28, 2026. The notification stated that it is not possible at this time to know the full scope and duration of military operations that may be necessary
.
President Donald J. Trump has ordered additional United States military forces to the region to prepare for potential military operations consistent with the President’s statements about the possibility of using ground forces against Iran.
On April 7, 2026, President Trump threatened that a whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought back again,
which came after other statements during the war threatening to destroy Iranian civilian infrastructure like power plants.
As of April 8, 2026, 13 members of the United States Armed Forces have been killed and 380 have been wounded during the war with Iran, and President Trump has said there will likely be additional American lives lost.
The use of military force within or against Iran constitutes the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities within the meaning of section 4(a) of the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1543(a)).
Section 1013 of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (50 U.S.C. 1546a) provides that any joint resolution or bill requiring the removal of United States Armed Forces from imminent engagement in hostilities without a declaration of war or specific statutory authorization shall be considered in accordance with the expedited procedures under section 601(b) of the International Security and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94–329).
Pursuant to section 1013 of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (50 U.S.C. 1546a), and in accordance with section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94–329), Congress hereby directs the President to remove the United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Iran, unless explicitly authorized by a declaration of war or a specific authorization for use of military force.
Nothing in this section may be construed to prevent the United States from—
defending against an attack on the United States or its personnel or facilities in other nations;
collecting, analyzing, or sharing intelligence, including with partner countries who have been attacked by Iran since February 28, 2026, and other nations and international organizations as appropriate, related to defending against threats from Iran or its proxies;
assisting partner countries who have been attacked by Iran since February 28, 2026, and other nations—
in intercepting retaliatory attacks upon their territory by Iran or its proxies; or
by providing defensive materiel support for such defensive measures; or
providing assistance for the security, departure, and evacuation of United States citizens affected by the hostilities.